CONTENTS
Preface iv
Acknowledgements vi
Metric conversions vii
I. General requirements for structural detailing in concrete I
1.1 Introduction I
1.2 Drafting practice based on British codes I
1.2.1 Drawing instruments 2
1.2.2 Linework and dimensioning 2
1.2.3 Grids and levels 2
1.2.4 Sections and elevation marker 4
1.2.5 Symbols and abbreviations 4
1.2.6 Holes, pockets, recesses, nibs and kerbs (curbs) 5
1.3 Drafting practice based on Eurocode 2 7
1.4 Drafting practice based on American codes 12
1.4.1 Drawing preparation 14
1.5 Holes, pockets, recesses, nibs and kerbs (curbs) - based on Eurocode 2 19
1.6 Reinforcement size, cover, spacings and dimensional tolerance 20
1.6.1 British practice 20
1.6.2 Eurocode 2 DDENV 1992-1-1: 1992 22
1.7 ACI/ASTM/ASCE and American practices 27
1.7.1 Cover and spacings 29
1. 8 Steel fabric for reinforcement of concrete 29
1.8.1 British practice BS 4483 (1998) 29
1.9 Bar shape codes ■ 33
1.9.1 British practice: BS 4449, BS 4482, BS 4483 and 33
BS 6744
1.9.2 European practice and Eurocode 2 46
1.9.3 American standards: AC1 and ASTM and state's 55
practices
II. Reinforced concrete beams and slabs 65
II. 1 Reinforced concrete beams 65
II. 1.1 Detailing based on British codes and practices 66
II. 1.2 Detailing based on Eurocode 2 and European 77
practices
II. 1.3 Detailing based on American practices 88
II.2 Reinforced concrete slabs 95
II.2.1 Slab reinforcement and method of detailing based 95
on British Standard Code BS 8110
II.2.2 Slab reinforcement and method of detailing based 110
on Eurocode 2
II.2.3 Slab reinforcement and method of detailing based 115
on ACI, ASCE and other state's practices
III. Stairs and staircases 121
III.1 Stairs and their types 121
III. 1.1 Specifications and basic data on staircases 121
III. 1.2 Stairway layouts 125
III. 1.3 Additional basic layouts and data 125
IV. Columns, frames and walls 146
IV. 1 Columns 146
IV. 1.1 Introduction 146
IV. 1.2 Column detailing based on British codes 146
IV.1.3 Wall detailing based on British codes 154
IV. 1.4 Portals and frames 162
IV.2 Column, wall and frame detailing based on Eurocode 2 168
IV.2.1 Introduction 168
IV.2.2 Columns 168
IV.2.3 Walls 172
IV.2.4 Frames 175
IV. 3 Column, wall and frame detailing based on the American 178
Concrete Institute codes
IV.3.1 Introduction 178
IV.3.2 Columns 178
IV.3.3 Reinforced concrete walls 181
IV. 3.4 Reinforced concrete frames 184
V. Prestressed concrete 186
V. 1 General introduction 186
V.2 Prestressing systems, tendon loads and material properties 201
V. 2.1 Available systems 201
V. 3 Structural detailing of prestressed concrete structures 201
V.3.1 Detailing based on British codes 201
V.3.2 Detailing based on Eurocode 2 206
V.3.3 Detailing based on ACI and PCI codes and other 212
American practices
VI. Composite construction, precast concrete elements, joints and 215
connections
VI. 1 Composite construction and precast elements 215
VI. 2 Joints and connections 224
VII. Concrete foundations and earth-retaining structures 235
VII. 1 General introduction 235
VII.2 Types of foundations 235
VII.2.1 Isolated spread foundation, pad footing and 235
combined pad foundations
VII.2.2 Cantilever, balanced and strip foundations 237
VII.2.3 Circular and hexagonal footings 240
VII.3 Pile foundations 250
VII.3.1 Types of concrete piles 259
VII.3.2 Precast piles 259
VII.3.3 Square and octagonal piles 259
VII.3.4 Hollow cylindrical piles 260
VII.3.5 Cast-in-place piles 260
VII.3.6 Framed foundations for high-speed machinery 260
VII.3.7 Special considerations in planning 265
VII.3.8 Turbine pedestal using American practice 265
VII.4 Well foundations and caissons 265
VII.4.1 Caissons 267
VII.5 Raft foundations 270
VII.6 Ground and basement floor foundations 272
VII. 7 Earth-retaining structures 276
VII.7.1 Retaining structures based on ENV 1997-1 (1994) 276
VII.7.2 Limit states 276
VII. 7.3 Actions, geometrical data and design situations 280
VIII. Special structures: case studies 285
VIII. 1 Bridges 286
VIII. 1.1 General introduction to types of bridges 286
VIII. 1.2 Types of loads acting on bridges 287
VIII.1.3 Substructures supporting deck structures 288
VIII. 1.4 Bridges - case studies 288
VIII.2 Conventional building details 331
VIII.2.1 General introduction 331
VIII.2.2 Case studies based on British practice 331
VIII.2.3 Case studies based on EC2 and European practices 368
VIII.2.4 Case studies based on American practices 376
VIII.3 Stadia, arenas and grandstands 378
VIII.3.1 Introduction 378
VIII.3.2 Glossary 378
VIII.3.3 Introduction to loads 381
VIII.3.4 Statistical data on loads on constructed facilities 383
VIII.3.5 Case study 1 385
VIII.3.6 Case study 2 389
VIII.3.7 Case study 3 395
VIII.4 Water-retaining structures and silos 397
VIII.4.1 Water-retaining structures 397
VIII.4.2 Silos 404
VIII.5 Bomb protective structures 408
VIII.5.1 General introduction 408
VIII.5.2 Data on bomb explosion on structures 408
VIII.5.3 Generalized data for a domestic nuclear shelter 413
VIII.6 Nuclear, oil and gas containments 417
VIII.6.1 Nuclear power and containment vessels 417
VIII.6.2 Oil containment structures 424
VIII.7 Concrete shells, chimneys and towers 432
VIII.7.1 General information 432
VIII.7.2 Shells 435
VIII.7.3 Case study 452