CONTENT
Preface xi
Introduction to the Transaction Edition xvii
Contributors xix
PART ONE
Behavioral Constraints on Building Design
1 The Aesthetics of Function 3
JAMES MARSTON FITCH
2 Physiology and Anatomy of Urination; 17
Design Considerations for Urination 21
ALEXANDER KIRA
3 Cultural Variability in Physical Standards 33
AMOS RAPOPORT AND NEWTON WATSON
4 Invasions of Personal Space 54
NANCY JO FELIPE AND ROBERT SOMMER
5 Territorially. A Neglected Sociological Dimension 65
STANFORD M. LYMAN AND MARVIN B. SCOTT
6 The Physical Environment: A Problem for a Psychology of Stimulation 83
JOACHIM F. WOHLWILL
PART TWO
Spatial Organization and Social Interaction
7 The Psycho-Social Influence of Building Environment:
Sociometric Findings in Large and Smatt Office Spaces 97
B. W. P. WELLS
8 Architecture and Group Membership 120
LEON FESTINGER
9 Silent Assumptions in Social Communication 135
EDWARD T. HALL
10 The Social Psychology of Privacy 152
BARRY SCHWAHTZ
11 Social Theory in Architectural Design 170
MAURICE BHOADY
PART THREE
Environmental Influences on Health and Well-Being
12 The Housing Environment and Family Life 189
DANIEL M. WILNER, HOSABELLE PRICE WALKLEY,
THOMAS C. PINKERTON, AND MATTHEW TAYBACK
13 Medical Consequences of Environmental Home Noises 202
LEE E. FAHR
14 Effects of Esthetic Surroundings: I. Initial Short-Term
Effects of Three Esthetic Conditions upon Perceiving "Energy" and "Well-Being" in Faces 212
ABRAHAM H. MASLOW AND NORBETT L. MINTZ
Effects of Esthetic Surroundings: II.
Prolonged and Repeated Experience in a "Beautiful" and an "Ugly" Room 220
NORBETT L. MINTZ
15 Grieving for a Lost Home 229
MARC FRIED
16 Health Consequences of Population Density and Crowding 249
JOHN CASSEL
PART FOUR
The Social Meaning of Architecture
17 Images of Urban Areas: Their Structure and Psychological Foundations 271
DERK DE JONCE
18 Furniture Arrangement as a Symbol of Judicial Roles 291
JOHN N. HAZARD
19 Fear and the House-as-Haven in the Lower Class 299
LEE RAINWATER
20 Pecuniary Canons of Taste 314
THORSTEIN VEBLEN
21 Place, Symbol, and Utilitarian Function in War Memorials 327
BERNARD BARBER
PART FIVE
The Application of Behavioral Science to Design
22 The Questions Architects Ask 337
ROBERT GUTMAN
23 The Room, A Student's Personal Environment 370
SIM VAN DER RYN AND MURRAY SILVEHSTEIN
24 Old People's Flatlets at Stevenage 384
MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
25 Typology and Design Method 394
ALAN COLQUHOUN
26 The City as a Mechanism for Sustaining Human Contact 406
CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
Annotated Bibliography 435
ROBERT GUTMAN AND BARBARA WESTERGAARD
Index 463