CONTENTS Foreword ..- .. v, vii, ix Preface ..- ..;.. xi UNIT-I: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MAINTENANCE 1 Chapter 1: Importance of Building Repair and Maintenance 3 1.1 Introduction.- . 5 1.2 Historical Background ..- . 5 1.3 Significance.- .. 6 1.4 What is Maintenance? ..- .. 6 1.5 Objective of Maintenance ..- 7 1.6 Factors Influencing Maintenance . 7 1.7 Maintenance and the Gross National Product .. 9 1.8 Economic Considerations ..- 10 1.9 Conclusion..- 11 1.10 Summary- . 11 Questions- .. 12 Chapter-2: Principles of Maintenance Management and Quality Assurance- .. 13 2.1 Introduction.- 15 2.2 Functions and Organisational Structure . 17 2.3 Maintenance Work Force..- 18 2.4 Information Management and Communication System 20 2.5 Property Inspection and Reports 22 2.6 Maintenance Budget Estimates .. 24 2.7 Specifications for Adaptation and Maintenance Works 26 2.8 Health and Safety Requirements in Maintenance 28 2.9 Quality Maintenance ..- .. 30 2.10 Life Expectancy of Building- .. 31 2.11 Corrective and Preventive Maintenance 31 2.12 Maintenance Manual ..- .. 33 Axiv_______________________________________________Contents | 2.13 Summary.- . 33 j Questions- .. 34 I Chapter-3: Agencies Causing Deterioration.. 37 3.1 Introduction- 39 3.2 Mechanism of Deterioration ..- 39 3.3 Effect of Deterioration of Materials 44 3.4 Summary.- . 53 Questions- .. 54 Chapter-4: Investigation of Defects in Buildings 55 4.1 Introduction ..- 57] 4.2 Systematic Approach of Investigation 57 ' 4.3 Scope and Objectives of Investigations.. 58 4.4 Preliminary Considerations ..- 59 4.5 Detailed Steps for Diagnosis of Defects .61 4.6 Physical Measurements- 61; 4.7 Material Tests ..- 66 4.8 Non Destructive Tests..- 66 4.9 Study of Available Document- 77 4.10 Diagnosis of Problem ..- . 78 4.11 Actual Loads and Environmental Effects 78 4.12 Original Design and Construction Practices 78 4.13 Retrospective Analysis- .. 79 4.14 Confirmation of Diagnosis ..- .. 80 4.15 Summary- . 80 Questions- .. 81 Chapter-5: Maintenance Problems and Root Causes 83 5.1 Introduction- 85 5.2 Causes of Defects.- 87 5.3 Investigation of Dampness- 90 5.4 Summary.- 119 Questions- 119 UNIT-II: COMMON MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES FOR REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE- . 121 Chapter-6: Materials for Repair, Maintenance and Protection .. 123 6.1 Introduction- .. 125 6.2 Durability- 125 6.3 Compatibility- .127 6.4 Types of Repair Materials- . 129 6.5 Characteristics and Properties- 130 6.6 Selection of Materials for Repairs . 154 6.7 Commercially Available Repair Materials . 156 6.8 Summary- .. 160 Questions- . 162 Chapter-7: Preventive Maintenance and Special Precautions 165 7.1 Introduction- .. 167 7.2 Preventive Maintenance Considerations .. 168 7.3 Sweeping/Washing.- 169 7.4 Joint Maintenance \.- 169 7.5 Dusting Floors ..- . 170 7.6 Termite Control.- 170 7.7 Dampproofing of Existing Roof and Wet Areas 173 7.8 Water Supply and Sanitary Systems 173 7.9 Special Precautions for Repair of Buildings .. 174 7.10 Summary.- 175 Questions- 175 Chapter-8: Common Techniques of Building Repair .. 177 8.1 Introduction- .. 179 8.2 Surface Preparation ..- .. 179 8.3 Common Repair Techniques..- .. 181 8.4 Common Methods of Crack Repair 186 8.5 Summary.- 198 Questions- 200 UNIT-III: REPAIR AND REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR BUILDING DEFECTS .. 201 Chapter-9: Repair of Existing Damp Proofing Systems in Roofs and Wet Areas 203 9.1 Introduction.- ..205 9.2 Sources of Water ..- 205 9.3 Repair of Water Proofing Systems in Wet Areas205 9.4 Repair of Existing Waterproofing of Flat Roofs . 207 9.5 Modern Repair Materials and Techniques 214 9.6 Protective Coatings ..- .. 218 9.7 Summary- .. 223 Questions- . 223 Chapter-10: Protection, Repair and Maintenance of RCC Elements .. 225 10.1 Introduction- .. 227 10.2 Prevention of Corrosion in Reinforcement 228 10.3 Preparation of RCC for Repair .23- 7 10.4 Repair of Corroded RCC Elements 239 10.5 Concrete Placement Techniques 241 10.6 Repair of Surface Defects ..- ..247 10.7 Summary- 249 Questions- . 250 Chapter-11: Repair and Maintenance of Foundations, Basements and DPC- .. 251 11.1 Introduction- .. 253 11.2 Stabilising Foundations- .. 253 11.3 Underpinning ..- .. 254 11.4 Repair of Raft Slab Foundations- . 258 11.5 Repair of Basements ..- .262 11.6 Repair of DPC against Rising Dampness .. 276 11.7 Summary- 282 Questions- . 283 Chapter-12: Repair of Finishes- 285 12.1 Introduction- .. 287 12.2 Repair of Wall Finishes ..- . 287 12.3 Decorative Coatings ..- . 296 12.4 Repair of Internal Wall Finishes 304 12.5 Defects in Doors, Windows, Joinery and Fixtures . 308 12.6 Repair of Wall Panelling and False Ceiling .. 310 12.7 Repair of Aluminium Elements 311 12.8 Cleaning of Glass ..- . 311 12.9 Repair of Floors..- 312 12.10 Summary- 324 Questions- . 325 Chapter-13: Repair of Building Joints .. 327 13.1 Introduction- .. 329 13.2 Sealing of Joints..- 330 13.3 Safety Precautions in Joint Sealants 334 13.4 Summary.- 334 Questions- 335 Chapter-14: Repair of Water Supply and Sanitary Systems in Buildings .. 337 14.1 Introduction- ..339 14.2 Maintenance of Pipes..- 340 14.3 Repair of Taps- 341 14.4 Repairing WC Cisterns ..- . 341 14.5 Cleaning Clogged Drains ..- .. 342 14.6 Maintenance of Traps ..- 342 14.7 Defective Down Take Drain Pipes 343 14.8 Maintenance Survey ..- . 343 14.9 Repair and Maintenance of Over Head and Under Ground Water Tanks in Buildings ..- 344 1.10 Summary.- 346 Questions- . 346 hnptcr-15: Common Strengthening Techniques 347 15.1 Introduction- 349 15.2 Additional Interior Reinforcement- .. 349 15.3 Exterior Reinforcing (Encased or Exposed) ..352 15.4 Exterior Post Tensioning ..- .354 15.5 Jackets, Brackets and Collars.- . 356 15.6 Supplementary Members ..- 357 15.7 Underpinning ..- ..359 15.8 Summary- 359 Questions- . 360 Glossary of Terms ..- .. 361 ndex- . 401