TY  - GEN
AU  - Calcagni, Gianluca & Others Eds.
TI  - Quantum gravity and quantum cosmology 
SN  - 9783642330353
U1  - 530.143 
PY  - 2013///
CY  - New York
PB  - Springer
KW  - Irrigation
KW  - Quantum cosmology
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Stone
KW  - Building materials
N1  - Contents
Part I Quantum Gravity
1 String Theory, Unification and Quantum Gravity  3
K.S. Stelle
1.1 Introduction: The Ultraviolet Problems of Gravity  3
1.2 String Theory Basics 5
1.2. l Reparametrization Invariance  6
1.2.2 The String Action  7
1.3 Effective Field Equations  10
1.4 Dimensional Reduction and T-Duality  12
1.4.1 Dimensional Reduction of Strings and T-Duality  13
1.5 M-Theory and the Web of Dualities  15
1.6 Branes and Duality  17
1.7 The Onset of Supergravity Divergences  20
1.7.1 Supergravity Counterterm Analysis  22
1.7.2 Supergravity Divergences from Superstrings  25
1.8 Other Aspects of String Theory  26
1.8.1 The String Scale  26
1.8.2 Boundaries of Moduli Space  27
1.8.3 String and Gravity Thermodynamics  28
1.9 Conclusion  28
References  29
2 Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity and Cosmology 31
Abhay Ashtekar
2.1 Introduction  31
2.1.1 Development of Quantum Gravity: A Bird's Eye View 31
2.1.2 Physical Questions of Quantum Gravity 36
2.2 Loop Quantum Gravity and Cosmology  38
2.2.1 Viewpoint 38
2.2.2 Advances  40
2.2.3 Challenges and Opportunities  47
References  55
3 Covariant Loop Gravity  57
Carlo Rovelli
3.1 The Definition of the Theory  57
3.2 Properties  58
3.3 The Discretization of Parametrized Systems 59
3.4 The Discretization of Classical General Relativity  62
3.5 Conclusion  64
References   65
4 Spinor Gravity and Diffeomorphism Invariance on the Lattice  67
C. Wetterich
4.1 Introduction  67
4.2 Spinors as Fundamental Degrees of Freedom  68
4.3 Action and Functional Integral  71
4.4 Generalized Lorentz Transformations  72
4.5 Lorentz Invariant Spinar Bilinears  74
4.6 Action with Local Lorentz Symmetry  75
4.7 Gauge and Discrete Symmetries  77
4.8 Discretization  78
4.9 Lattice Action  79
4.10 Lattice Diffeomorphism Invariance  81
4.11 Lattice Diffeomorphism Invariance in Two Dimensions  83
4.12 Effective Action  86
4.13 Metric  87
4.14 Effective Action for Gravity and Gravitational Field Equations  89
4.15 Conclusions and Discussion   90
References  92
5 Introduction to Causal Dynamical Triangulations  93
Andrzej Gorlich
5.1 Introduction  93
5.1.1 Causal Triangulations  94
5.1.2 The Regge Action and the Wick Rotation  96
5.2 Phase Diagram  98
5.3 The Macroscopic de Sitter Universe  100
5.3.1 The Spatial Volume  100
5.3.2 The Mini-superspace Model  102
5.3.3 The Four-Dimensional Space-Time  103
5.4 Quantum Fluctuations  107
5.4.1 The Effective Action  109
5.4.2 Flow of the Gravitational Constant  112
5.5 The Geometry of Spatial Slices  113
5.5.1 The Hausdorff Dimension  113
5.5.2 Spectral Dimension  115
5.6 Conclusions  116
References  116
6 Massive Gravity: A Primer  119
E.A. Bergshoeff, M. Kovacevic, J. Rosseel, and Y. Yin
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 General Spin  121
6.2.1 "Boosting up the Derivatives"  121
6.2.2 "Taking the Square Root"  125
6.3 Spin 1  126
6.4 Spin 2  131
6.4.1 3D New Massive Gravity  131
6.4.2 3D Topological Massive Gravity  136
6.4.3 Extensions  138
6.5 Conclusions 139
Appendix Exercises  139
References  144
Part II Quantum Cosmology
7 Loop Quantum Cosmology, Space-Time Structure, and Falsifiability  149
Martin Bojowald
7.1 Introduction   149
7.2 Canonical Gravity  153
7.2.1 Cosmic Subtleties  154
7.2.2 Deformations of Space  156
7.2.3 Gauge Theory  157
7.2.4 Quantum Corrections  159
7.3 Loop Quantum Gravity  160
7.3.1 Corrections from Loop Quantum Gravity  162
7.3.2 Construction of Inverse-Triad Corrections  163
7.3.3 Anomaly-Freedom  164
7.3.4 Falsifiability  166
7.3.5 Anomaly-Free Holonomy Corrections  167
7.4 Effective Theories  168
7.4.1 Effective Canonical Dynamics  170
7.4.2 Moment Dynamics  172
7.4.3 Effective Constraints   174
7.4.4 Isotropic Cosmology  177
7.4.5 Beginning  179
7.5 Conclusions  181
References  181
8 Asymptotic Safety, Fractals, and Cosmology  185
Martin Reuter and Frank Saueressig
8.1 Introduction  185
8.2 Theory Space and Its Truncation  188
8.3 The Effective Average Action for Gravity  192
8.4 The Einstein-Hilbert Truncation  194
8.5 The Multi-fractal Properties of QEG Space-Times  197
8.6 Spectral, Walk, and Hausdorff Dimension  200
8.7 Fractal Dimensions Within QEG  202
8. 7 .1 Diffusion Processes on QEG Space-Times 202
8.7.2 The Spectral Dimension in QEG  204
8.7.3 The Walk Dimension in QEG  206
8.7.4 The Hausdorff Dimension in QEG 206
8.7.5 Relations Between Dimensions  207
8.8 The RG Running of Ds and Dw  207
8.9 Matching the Spectral Dimensions of QEG and CDT  210
8.10 Asymptotic Safety in Cosmology  213
8.10.1 RG Improved Einstein Equations  214
8.10.2 Solving the RG Improved Einstein Equations   214
8.10.3 Inflation in the Fixed-Point Regime  215
8.10.4 Entropy and the Renormalization Group  217
8.10.5 Primordial Entropy Generation  219
8.10.6 Entropy Production for RG Trajectory Realized by Nature  221
8.11 Conclusions 223
References  223
9 Holography for Inflationary Cosmology  227
Paul McFadden
9.1 Introduction  227
9.2 Domain-Walls and Cosmologies  230
9.2.1 Defining the Perturbations  230
9.2.2 Dynamics  232
9.2.3 The Domain-Wall/Cosmology Correspondence  234
9.2.4 Cosmological Power Spectra  236
9.3 Holography for Cosmology  237
9.3.1 Background Solutions  238
9.3.2 Basics of Holography  238
9.3.3 Hamiltonian Holographic Renormalisation  240
9.3.4 The Stress Tensor 2-Point Function  243
9.3.5 Holographic Analysis  244
9.3.6 Holographic Formulae for the Power Spectra  249
9.4 Holographic Phenomenology for Cosmology  250
9.4.1 A Prototype Dual QFT  251
9.4.2 Calculating the Holographic Power Spectra  252
9.5 Confronting Observations  257
9.6 Conclusion  263
References  265
Part III Observational Status
10 Observational Status of Dark Matter 271
Joseph Silk
10.1 Introduction  271
10.2 The Observational Case  272
10.3 From Galaxies to Clusters  272
10.3.1 Galaxy Rotation Curves  272
10.4 Large-Scale Structure  274
10.4.1 Redshift Space Distortions 274
10.4.2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations 275
10.4.3 Cosmic Microwave Background 275
10.5 Future Prospects in Observation  275
10.6 Future Prospects in Astrophysical Theory 276
10.7 Direct Detection  279
10.8 Indirect Detection  279
10.8.1 Helioseismology  280
10.8.2 High Energy Cosmic Rays 280
10.8.3 Gamma Rays  281
10.8.4 The WMAP Microwave Haze  281
10.8.5 Decaying Dark Matter  282
10.9 The Future 282
10.9.1 The Sun 282
10.9.2 Direct Detection 283
10.9.3 Air Cerenkov Telescopes 283
10.9.4 Strange Stars  283
10.9.5 The Galactic Centre 284
10.9.6 LHC 284
10.10 Summary  284
References  285
11 Dark Energy: Observational Status and Theoretical Models 289
Shinji Tsujikawa
11.1 Introduction  289
11.2 Observational Constraints on Dark Energy  291
11.2.1 Supernov~ Ia Observations 291
11 .2.2 CMB  294
11.2.3 BAO  296
11.3 Cosmological Constant . 298
11.4 Modified Matter Models 300
11.4.1 Quintessence  301
11.4.2 k-Essence  304
11.4.3 Coupled Dark Energy 307
11.4.4 Unified Models of Dark Energy and Dark Matter  311
11.5 Modified Gravity Models  313
11.5 .1 f (R) Gravity  313
11.5.2 Scalar-Tensor Theories  319
11.5.3 DGPModel  323
11.6 Conclusions  325
References  326
12 Unconventional Cosmology 333
Robert H. Brandenberger
12.1 Introduction  333
12.1.1 Overview  333
12.1.2 Review oflnflationary Cosmology 335
12.1.3 Conceptual Problems oflnflationary Cosmology  337
12.2 Matter Bounce  339
12.2.1 The Idea  339
12.2.2 Realizing a Matter Bounce with Modified Matter  342
12.2.3 Realizing a Matter Bounce with Modified Gravity 344
12.3 Emergent Universe  345
12.3.1 The Idea  345
12.3.2 String Gas Cosmology  347
12.4 Cosmological Perturbations  351
12.4.1 Overview  351
12.5 Fluctuations in Inflationary Cosmology  355
12.6 Matter Bounce and Structure Formation  356
12.6.1 Basics  357
12.6.2 Specific Predictions  359
12.7 String Gas Cosmology and Structure Formation  361
12.7.1 Overview  361
12.7.2 Spectrum of Cosmological Fluctuations  363
12.7.3 Key Prediction of String Gas Cosmology  365
12.7.4 Comments  367
12.8 Conclusions  367
References  368
13 Quantum Gravity and Inflation  375
M.G. Romania, N.C. Tsamis, and R.P. Woodard
13.1 Introduction  375
13.2 Model Building  381
13.3 Post-Inflationary Evolution  391
13.4 Conclusions  393
References  394
Index  397
ER  -