TY  - BOOK
AU  - Bhattacharya, Udisha (PUH20380)
AU  - Madhu, Bharti, (Guide)   
TI  - Inequalities in quality of housing and basic infrastructure in urban fringes : case of Kolkata (Softcopy is also available) 
U1  - P TH-2666 
PY  - 2022///
N1  - Contents
Undertaking	i
Certificate	iii
Acknowledgments	v
Abstract	vii
Table of contents	ix
List of figures	xv
List of tables	xi
1Introduction	1
1.1	Background Study	1
1.2	Need for the study	2
1.3	Research questions	2
2About the Study	3
2.1	Aim of the research	3
2.2	Objectives of the research	3
2.3	Research design	3
2.4	Research methodology	6
2.5	Scope of the study	7
2.6	Limitations of the study	8
3Literature Study	9
3.1	Urbanization and urban growth	9
3.2	Concept of urban fringes	11
3.3	Issues and challenges in fringe	12
3.4	Reducing disparities in basic services	14
4City Profile: Kolkata	17
4.1	Overview of the city	17
4.2	Connectivity	18
4.3	Administrative Jurisdictions	18
4.3.1	Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA)	18
4.3.2	Kolkata Municipal Corporation	19
4.4	Demographic Profile	20
4.5	Population density	21
4.6	Migration trends	22
4.7	Economic Characteristics	23
4.8	Spatial Growth of the city	24
4.9	Conclusion	25
5Site Profile	26
5.1	Study area	26
5.2	Spatial growth of three administrative boundaries	27
5.3	Locating KMC ward-109	28
5.3.1	Water supply in Kolkata	29
5.4	Locating Rajpur-Sonarpur Ward 1-6	30
5.4.1	Water supply in Rajpur-Sonarpur	31
5.5	Locating Kheyadaha II	31
6Site Findings and Analysis	32
6.1	Housing Scenario	32
6.1.1	Type of use of residence	32
6.1.2	Condition of structure	33
6.1.3	Ownership status	35
6.1.4	Housing typologies	37
6.1.5	Congestion factor	39
6.1.6	Conclusion on responses by households/residents	41
6.2	Water Supply	41
 
Inequalities in Quality of Housing and Basic Infrastructure in Urban Fringes
6.2.1	Source of drinking water	41
6.2.2	Location of drinking water source	42
6.2.3	Alternative drinking water source	42
6.2.4	Conclusion of the response by the households of Kolkata	44
6.2.5	Response by the authorities of KMC	46
6.2.6	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Rajpur- Sonarpur	47
6.2.7	Response by the authorities of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality ..48
6.2.8	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Kheyadaha	48
6.2.9	Response by the authorities of Kheyadaha Gram Panchayat	48
6.3	Sanitation	49
6.3.1	Type of latrine facilities	49
6.3.2	Location of latrines	50
6.3.3	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Kolkata 52
6.3.4	Response by the authorities of Kolkata Municipal Corporation.52
6.3.5	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Rajpur- Sonarpur	53
6.3.6	Response by the authorities of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality ..53
6.3.7	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Kheyadaha	54
6.3.8	Response by the authorities of Kheyadaha Panchayat	54
6.4	Solid Waste Management	55
6.4.1	Waste collection process	55
6.4.2	Waste collection frequency	55
6.4.3	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Kolkata 56
6.4.4	Response by the authorities of Kolkata Municipal Corporation.56
6.4.5	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Rajpur- Sonarpur	57
6.4.6	Response by the authorities of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality ..57
6.4.7	Conclusion on responses by the households/ residents of Kheyadaha	57
6.4.8	Response by the authorities of Kheyadaha Panchayat	57
7Comparative Analysis within the Study Area	58
7.1	Parameters for comparison	58
7.2	Housing scenario within different administrative boundaries	59
7.3	Water supply within different administrative boundaries	60
7.4	Sanitation within different administrative boundaries	61
7.5	Solid waste management within different administrative boundaries	62
7.6	Water Supply Expenses and Income	62
7.7	Sanitation Expenses and Income	63
7.8	Solid waste management Expenses and Income	64
7.9	Property tax applicable in three governing bodies	65
7.10	Conclusion	65
8Recommendations and Conclusion	67
8.1	Proper evaluation of responsibilities of the authorities	67
8.2	Proper formation of regulations to control unplanned developments	67
8.3	Proper formation of financial strategies	68
8.4	Conclusion	68
References xiii
Appendix 1: XYZ	xv
Appendix 2: XYZ	18

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