TY  - BOOK
AU  - Wakhare, Aniket (PUT20040)
AU  -  Gopinath, Amegh (Guide)
AU  - Joshi, Hiren (Guide) 
AU  - Parashar, Laghu (Guide)  
AU  - Shivanand, Swamy (Guide) 
TI  - Comparative assessment of E-bus operation in Indian cities : a case of Indore and  Ahmedabad (Softcopy is also available)
U1  - P TH-2634 
PY  - 2022///
N1  - Contents
Undertaking	i
Certificate	iii
Acknowledgments	v
Abstract	vii
Table of contents	ix
List of figures	xiv
List of tables	xvi
1	Introduction	1
1.1	Background	1
1.2	Research Problem	2
1.3	Aim	3
1.4	Objective	3
1.5	Method for each Objective	3
1.6	Scope	4
1.7	Limitations	4
1.8	Methodology	4
1.9	Data Collection Plan	6
1.10	Chapter Scheme	7
2	Literature Review	9
2.1	Electric-Bus	9
2.2	Battery Technology	10
2.2.1	Li-Ion Battery	10
2.2.2	Ni-MH Battery	10
2.3	Charging Technologies	11
2.3.1	Conductive Charging	11
2.3.2	Inductive Charging	11
2.3.3	Plug-in AC Slow Charging	11
2.3.4	DC Fast Charging	11
2.4	Charging Strategies	12
2.4.1	Depot Charging	12
2.4.2	On-Route Charging	12
2.5	Global Practices on Electrification	13
2.6	Factors affecting E-bus deployment	14
2.6.1	Capital Cost of Procurement	14
2.6.2	Battery Capacity	15
2.6.3	Operations Constraints	15
2.6.4	Contract Conditions	15
2.7	Performance Evaluation of E-bus operation	16
2.7.1	Performance Indicators	16
3	Case City I – Indore (AiCTSL)	19
3.1	Background	19
3.1.1	Network Characteristics	19
3.1.2	Electric Bus Route Characteristics	20
3.1.3	Bus Characteristics	21
3.2	Phase – I Deployment of E-Buses in Indore	22
3.2.1	Procurement and Model of Operation	22
3.2.2	Selection of Routes	22
3.2.3	Bus and Battery Characteristics	22
3.2.4	Charging Characteristics	23
3.3	Phase II – Deployment of E-buses (Proposed)	23
4	Performance Assessment for AiCTSL – Indore	25
4.1	Key Performance Indicators	25
4.2	Energy Efficiency	26
4.2.1	Bus Type	26
4.2.2	Battery Type, Range and Capacity	27
4.3	Analysis for Energy Efficiency	27
4.4	Operational Efficiency	32
4.4.1	Charging Station	33
4.4.2	Charging Infrastructure	33
4.4.3	Charging Time	33
4.4.4	Repair and Maintenance	34
4.4.5	Deployment on Routes	34
4.5	Operational Analysis for AiCTSL	35
4.5.1	Opportunity Charging	36
4.5.2	Idle time at depot	37
4.5.3	SOC Levels	37
4.5.4	Steering time and Service time	38
4.5.5	Revenue Hours/Operational Hour (%)	39
4.5.6	Workforce reqd. at charging station	39
4.5.7	Staff/Bus Ratio	39
4.5.8	Replacement Factor	39
4.5.9	Impact of Net Cost Contract on Operations	40
4.6	Cost Efficiency	40
4.7	Summary	42
5	Case City II – Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd	45
5.1	Introduction	45
5.2	Phase 1 Deployment of E-buses in Ahmedabad	46
5.3	Phase – II Deployment of E-Buses	47
5.4	Bus Characteristics of Tata Motors Ultra EV in Ahmedabad	48
5.5	Deployment on routes	48
5.6	Analysis for Energy Efficiency	49
5.6.1	Vehicle Utilization	49
5.6.2	Battery Consumption	50
5.6.3	Battery Efficiency	52
5.7	Analysis for Operational Efficiency	54
5.7.1	Opportunity Charging	56
5.7.2	Idle Time After Charging at Depot	56
5.7.3	SOC Level	57
5.7.4	Steering Time and Service Time	58
5.7.5	Impact of GCC on operations	58
5.8	Cost Efficiency	59
5.9	Summary	60
6	Comparative Assessment between E-bus operation in Ahmedabad and Indore		61
6.1	Technical Specification	61
6.2	Energy Efficiency	63
6.3	Operational Efficiency	64
6.4	Cost Efficiency	65
7	Conclusion	69
7.1	Limitation to the study	70
7.2	Way Forward for Future Deployment	71
References	75
Appendix 1: Data Collection List	79
Appendix 2: Battery Efficiency across Routes for E-bues in Indore	81
Appendix 3: Mileage Comparison across different routes for Tata E-buses	82
Appendix 4: Cost per Seat Km computation	84

ER  -