TY - BOOK AU - Gevorkian, Peter TI - Alternative energy systems in building design SN - 0071621474 U1 - 720.472 PY - 2010/// CY - New York PB - McGrow-Hill N1 - CONTENTS Introduction xiii Acknowledgments xvii Disclaimer Note xix 1Global Warming: Climatic and Atmospheric Changes 1 Climate Change Factors 1 Variations within the Earth's Climate 1 Natural Factors Driving Climate Change 2 The Memory of Climate 6 Human Influences on Climate Change 6 The Transition of Various Forms of Sequestered Solar Energy Use and Their Effect on Societies 9 Industrial Sources of Atmospheric Pollution 12 The Little Ice Age 15 2Energy Systems 13 Conservation of Energy 19 The Concept of Energy in Various Scientific Fields 19 3 Solar Power System Physics and Technologies 23 Brief History of the Photoelectric .Phenomenon 23 Solar Cell Physics 26 Solar Cell Electronics 30 Solar Cell Manufacturing and Packaging Technologies 30 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 34 Multijunction PV Cells 40 Polymer Solar Cells 42 Concentrators 43 Solar Panel Arrays 44 Solar Power System Components 44 Crystalline, Amorphous, Thin-Film, and Sun-Tracker Technologies 51 Solar Power System Design 69 Storage Battery Technologies 77 Solar Power System Configurations 86 Ground-Mounted PV Module Installation and Support 97 Roof-Mounted Installations 98 Electrical Shock Hazard and Safety Considerations 100 Solar Tracking Systems 103 Field Safety Recommendations 106 Solar Power System Maintenance 107 Troubleshooting 108 Solar Power System Warning Signage 109 PV System Design Guidelines 110 Solar Power System Design Considerations 111 Solar Power Rebate Application Procedure 124 Solar Power System Deployment 126 Economics of Solar Power Systems 139 Special Note 155 4 California Solar Initiative Program 157 CSI Fund Distribution 158 CSl Power-Generation Targets 158 Incentive Payment Structure 759 Expected Performance-Based Buydown (EPBB) 160 Performance-Based Incentive (PBI) 161 Host Customer 161 Solar Power Contractors and Equipment Sellers 162 PV System Sizing Requirements 163 Energy-Efficiency Audit 163 Warranty and Performance Permanency Requirements 164 Insurance 164 Grid Interconnection and Metering Requirements 165 Inspection 165 CSI Limitations 165 CSI Reservation Steps 166 Incentive Payments 168 Equipment Distributors 168 Special Funding for Affordable Housing Projects 169 Special Funding for Public and Charter Schools 169 Principal Types of Municipal Leases 169 5 Energy Conservation 173 Energy-Saving Measures 173 Power-Factor Correction 177 Electric Power Generation and Distribution 178 Computerized Lighting Control 180 California Title 24 Electric Energy Compliance 186 Demand-Side Energy Management and Control 195 LEED-Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design 203 State of California Green Building Action Plan 204 LEED 206 6 Passive Solar Heating Technologies 223 Passive Solar Water Heating 223 Concentrator Solar Technologies 233 Solar Cooling and Air-Conditioning 236 Direct Solar Power Generation 240 Innovations in Passive Solar Power Technology 241 7Fuel Cell Technology 245 Fuel Cell Design 245 Fuel Cell Application 251 Fuel Cells as Alternatives to Internal Combustion Fuels 259 Hydrogen Economy 260 8 Wind Energy Technologies 267 History of Wind Power 267 Wind Power Generation 268 Wind Power Management 268 Betz' Law of Fluid Dynamics 271 Structural Considerations 274 Basics of Wind Turbine Operation 276 Wind Turbine Energy Economics 279 9 Ocean Energy Technologies 287 Tidal Power 287 Tidai Physics: Effects of the Terrestrial Centrifugal Force 287 Tidal Power Generation 288 Current Tidal Generation Technologies 292 Marine-Current Turbine Technologies 300 Some Interesting Oceanic Technologies 303 10 Hydroelectric and Micro-Hydro Turbine Power 307 Hydroelectric Power Plants 307 Environmental Effects of Hydroelectric Power 309 Hydroelectric Power Technology 372 Classification of Hydropower Energy Facilities 313 Hydroelectric Plant Equipment 373 Case Studies of Hydroelectric Power Plants 315 Micro-Hydropower Generation 323 11Geothermal Energy 333 Thermal Power Extraction Potential 334 Geothermal Technologies 335 Geothermal Potential 337 Cost of Geothermal Energy and Economics 339 Geothermal Case Study in an Air-Conditioning Application 341 Ocean Thermal Energy 344 12 Biofuel, Biogas, and Thermal Depolymerization Technologies 345 History 345 Chemical Composition346 Origins of Biomass 346 Biomass Energy Potential 347 Energy Value of Biomass 346 Benefits of Biomass Energy 346 Microturbine Generators 350 Landfill, Wastewater Treatment, and Plant Biogas Generators 353 Hot Water and Generators 356 Economic Benefits of Using Landfill Gas 357 Environmental Benefits of Using Landfill Gas 357 Case Study of Successful Application of Micregenerator Technology 357 Cal Poly Biogas Case Study 360 Biomass Energy 362 Biofuels and Thermal Depolymerization 362 Biomass Energy fmp/emenfafion 365 Carbon Black 366 Gasification Process 357 Biopower 368 Bioproducts 360 Some Interesting Facts about Bioenergy 370 Biodiesel 371 13 Fission- and Fusion-type Nuclear Power 375 Properties of Uranium 375 Nuclear Fission Power Plant 377 Construction of a Nuclear Power Plant 378 Subcriticality, Criticality, and Supercriticality 375 Advantages and Disadvantages of Fission Nuclear Reactors 378 Effects of Nuclear Radiation 379 Radioactive Decay 380 Radiation Danger 381 Nuclear Radiation Accidents 381 Case Study: San Onofre 383 Canadian CANDU Reactor 384 Pebble-Bed Reactor 387 Hyperion Nuclear Power Reactor 389 Fusion Reactors 394 Fusion as a Future Energy Source 401 Future Fusion-Reactor Research and Development 403 14 Air Pollution Abatement 405 Effects of Pollution on Human and Animal Life 406 Pollution-Abatement Equipment 407 Emerging Future Technologies: Bioreactors 415 Groundwater Replenishment System 415 15 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Carbon Trading Economics 421 Chemical and Physical Properties of Carbon Dioxide 421 Carbon Dioxide Production 422 Industrial Production of Carbon Dioxide 423 Industrial Uses of Carbon Dioxide 423 Carbon Dioxide in Photosynthesis 423 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Ocean Waters and Aquatic Life 424 Pesticides and Plastics 424 Carbon Dioxide in the Oil and Chemical Industries 425 Role of Carbon Dioxide in Human Physiology 425 Carbon Dioxide Use in the Production of Ammonia and Fertilizer 425 Carbon Credits 426 Economics of Global Warming 428 Disagreement and Criticisms of the Kyoto Protocol 430 Appendix A Unit Conversion and Design Reference Tables 433 Appendix B Photo Gallery 475 Appendix C Historical Time Line of Solar Energy 485 Appendix D Glossary of Renewable Energy Power Systems 493 Bibliography 503 Index 505 ER -