TY - GEN AU - Thiel, Sandra Van TI - Research methods in public administration and public management : an introduction SN - 9780415655828 U1 - 001.42 PY - 2014/// CY - New York PB - Routledge KW - N1 - Contents List of illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi 1.Research in public administration 1.1 The unique features of research in Public Administration 1 1.2 Research in Public Administration and policy 5 1.3 Aim and outline of the rest of the book 10 2 The research problem 12 2.1 Choosing and formulating a research problem 12 2.2 The research aim 15 2.3 The research question 17 3 Theoretical framework 24 3.1 1 The empirical cycle 24 3.2 What is theory? 28 3.3 Philosophies of science 31 3.4 The role of theory in Public Administration research 36 4 Operationalization 43 4. 1 Operationalization in three steps 43 4.2 Sampling 45 4.3 Reliability and validity 48 4.4 Validity and reliability: sources of interference 51 5 Research design 54 5. 1 The different elements of the research design 54 5.2 Choosing a research strategy, method and technique 57 6 The experiment 61 6.1 The classic experiment 61 6.2 Simulations and gaming 64 6.3 The field experiment 67 6.4 Reliability and validity in experiments 68 6.5 Observation 70 7 The survey 7.1 The survey: characteristics and types 74 7.2 The written questionnaire 75 7.3 The reliability and validity of questionnaires 82 8 The case study 8.1 1 Case study research 86 8.2 The selection of cases 89 8.3 The reliability and validity of case studies 92 8.4 The interview 93 9 Desk research 9.1 1 Using or re-using existing data 102 9.2 Three methods for gathering and analysing existing data 107 10 Analysing quantitative data 10.1 Quantitative data 118 10.2 Collecting and ordering the data 119 10.3 Analysis 126 10.4 Descriptive statistics 127 10.5 Inferential statistics 128 10.6 Reliability and validity when analysing quantitative data 135 11 Analysing qualitative data 11.1 Qualitative data 138 11.2 Collecting and ordering the data 142 11.3 Analysing the data 143 11.4 The reliability and validity of qualitative data analysis 150 12 Reporting results 153 12.1 Forums 153 12.2 Reporting formats 155 12.3 The purpose of reporting research results 158 12.4 Writing down the results 159 12.5 Prescription 164 Bibliography 169 Glossary 175 Index 190 169 175 190 •viii 74 86 102 118 138 12 Reporting results 153 12.1 Forums 153 12.2 Reporting formats 155 12.3 The purpose of reporting research results 158 12.4 Writing down the results 159 12.5 Prescription 164 Bibliography Glossary Index 169 175 190 ER -