TY  - GEN
AU  - Dremaite, Marija
TI  - Baltic modernism: architecture and housing in Soviet Lithuania
SN  - 9783869224701
U1  - 720.947 
PY  - 2017///
CY  - Berlin
PB  - DOM Publishers
KW  -  
N1  - CONTENTS
Preface	9
Chapter 1. Introduction
What was Soviet Modernism?	13
1.1.	From Socialist  Realism to Real Socialism:
Strict Economics and a New Communist Party Programme	17
1.2.	New Territorial Planning and a Network of Modernisation	19
1.3. Urbanisation and the Tiered System
of Public Cultural and Consumer Services	21
1.4.	Socialist Modernism and Cold War Tensions	23
1.5.	The Idiosyncrasies of Soviet Modernism	27
1.6.	Soviet Modernism and Planning History	28
Chapter 2. Baltic Modernism in the Soviet Period	31
2.1.	The Sovietisation of Lithuanian Architecture from 1940-1955	35
2.1.1.	Soviet Urban Planning and the Hierarchy of Cities	38
2.1.2.	A Hierarchy of Buildings in Soviet Lithuania	43
2.1.3.	Speaking Buildings	49
2.1.4.	. The End of Socialist Realist Architecture	52
2.2.	Emancipation from Stalinism -
The Transitional Period, 1955-1958	55
2.3.	The Rise of the Lithuanian School
of Modernist Architecture, 1959-1969	59
2.3.1.	A Critical Architectural Mass	61
2.3.2.	Symbolic Geographies of Modernism	53
2.3.3.	Destinat ion Finland: Lithuanian Architects Meet Architecture	66
2.3.4.	The Interior Decade	68
2.3.5.	Optimistic Lightness and Environmental Sensitivity	73
2.4.	The 1970s: Modernisation within the Confines of Stagnation	78
2.4.1.	Forms Taken by Late Soviet Modernism	80
2.4.2.	Folkloric Regionalism	87
2.5 . Toward Postmodernism: The Final Soviet Decade, 1979-1989	91
Chapter 3. Industrialisation, Urbanisation
and New Territorial Planning	97
3.1. Regional Planning and the Concept
of  Uniform National Development	99
3.2.	New Industrial Cities : A Showcase of Socialism	106
3.3.	Rural Urbanisation	116
3.3.1.	The First Phase of Collectivisation	119
3.3.2.	Phase Two: Urban Standards for Collective Settlements	122
3.3.3.	Phase Three: The Pursu it of Individuality	130
3.3.4.	Juknaiciai -Atop of Kolkhoz Arch itecture	138
Chapter 4. Residential Housing	147
4.1. Cheaper, Faster, More: Large-panel Construction
in the USSR and Western Expertise	149
4.2. Mikrorayon -The Central Doctrine
of Soviet Modernist Urban Planning	152
4.3	. Architecture Begins in the Factory:
Introducing Mass Housing and Mikrorayon in Lithuania	154
4.3.1.	Drawing the First Mikrorayons	156
4.3.2.	Experimental Design	162
4.3.3.	The Z irmOnai Resident ial District.	166
4.4.	Lazdynai - A Breakthrough in Soviet Residential Design	169
4.5.	Critique of Mikrorayon and the Pursuit of Individuality
over Standardisation	180
4.6.	Alternatives to Mass Housing Construction in Lithuania	193
4.6.1.	Apartments for the Nomenklatura	195
4.6.2.	Cooperative Houses	200
4.6.3.	The Creativ ity of Artistic Organisations	203
4.6.4.	. Private Homes	211
Chapter 5. Collective Welfare.
In the Service of Soviet Society	217
5.1.	Renewal in Soviet City Centres	221
5.1.1.	Sov iet Central Business Districts	221
5.1.2.	More Recreational and Pedestrian Space in City Centres	225
5.2.	Educational and Health Facilities	229
5.2.1.	Experimentation in School Des ign	229
5.2.2.	Large Univers ity Campuses	235
5.2.3.	Large Hospital Comp lexes	238
5.3.	Consumerist Recreation: Stores, Cafes, and Restaurants	243
5.3.1.	An Imagined Shopp ing Paradise	243
5.3.2.	Mikrorayon Centre - A New Type
of Shopp ing and Leisure Structu re	248
5.3.3.	Public Cate ring	254
5.4.	Collective Holidays	259
5.4.1.	Sett ing High Standards for Resort Architecture	263
5.4.2.	Preservat ion and Invention of Genius Loci	267
5.5.	Soviet Hospitality: Hotels and Guesthouses	271
5.6.	Civilised Leisure Time: Cultural Halls, Cinemas,
Museums and Theatres	279
5.6.1.	Cultural Halls	280
5.6.2.	. Cinemas	286
5.6.3.	Cultural and Sports Buildings in Major Cities	290
5.7.	Inventing New Soviet Rituals : Wedding and Funeral Palaces	299
5.7.1.	Civil Wedding Palaces	300
5.7.2.	Funeral Palaces	306
Epilogue	313
Abbreviations	316
Bibliography	316

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