TY  - BOOK
AU  - Varghese, Anju (PP0000916)
AU  - Iyer, Mona (Guide)
TI  - Influence of existing waste management initiatives on beach litter in Trivandrum coast (Also available on CD)
U1  - P TH-2220 
PY  - 2018///
N1  - Contents 
Undertaking  i 
Certificate   ii 
Acknowledgments  v 
Abstract   ix 
Table of contents   xiii 
List of figures   xxi 
List of tables   xi 
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION   17 
1.1 BACKGROUND   17 
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT   18 
1.3 ABOUT THE STUDY   18 
1.3.1 Aim   18 
1.3.2 Objectives & Sub-objectives   18 
1.4 METHODOLOGY  19 
1.5 SCOPE   24 
1.6 LIMITATION   25 
CHAPTER 2: MARINE LITTER- THEORIES, PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES 27 
2.1 WHAT IS MARINE LITTER   27 
2.2 MARINE LITTER: SOURCE AND CLASSIFICATION   28 
2.3 IMPACT OF MARINE LITTER   29 
2.3.1 Ecological   29 
2.3.2 Social   30 
2.3.3 Economical   30 
2.4 INITIATIVES ADOPTED TO MITIGATE MARINE LITTER   31 
2.5 APPROACHES TOWARDS MITIGATION OF MARINE LITTER   32 
2.5.1 Regulatory Approaches   33 
2.5.2 Waste management approach   33 
2.5.3 Behaviour change approach   34 
2.5.4 Market based instruments   34 
2.6 EVALUATION OF INITIATIVES   35 
2.6.1 Programme Evaluation   35 
2.6.2 Log Frame analysis Approach   36 
2.7 CHALLENGES IN MITIGATION OF MARINE LITTER   36 
2.8 HOW ABOUT STARTING WITH BEACH LITTER?   38 
CHAPTER 3: BEACH LITTER- COASTAL AREAS OF KERALA   41 
3.1 CHARACTERISTIS OF COAST   41 
3.1.1 Geo – Morphological Features   41 
3.1.2 Tidal action and Currents   42 
3.1.3 Bio- Eco hotspots   44 
3.2 ACTIVITIES ALONG COASTAL AREA   45 
3.2.1 Fisheries   45 
3.2.2 Tourism   46 
3.2.3 Trade   46 
3.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES & CHALLENGES IN COASTAL KERALA   47 
3.3.1 Local Waste Management Initiatives along Kerala Coast   47 
3.3.2 Challenges in Coastal Waste Management   49 
3.4 INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES REGULATING COASTAL AREA . 50 
3.4.1 Tourism Department   50 
3.4.2 Fisheries Department   51 
3.4.3 Indian coast guard   51 
3.4.4 Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority (KCZMA)   51 
3.4.5 DTPC (District Tourism Promotion Council)   51 
3.4.6 Coastal Regulation Zones   52 
CHAPTER 4: WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TRIVANDRUM   55 
4.1 WHY TRIVANDRUM?   55 
4.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN TRIVANDRUM   55 
4.2.1 Initial Solid Waste Management Practices and Waste Culture of Trivandrum  55 
4.2.2 Shift towards Decentralized System:   56 
4.2.3 “My Waste My Responsibility”   57 
4.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR WASTE MANGEMENT IN TRIVANDRUM   60 
CHAPTER 5: WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE STUDY AREA   61 
5.1. DELINEATION OF STUDY AREA   61 
5.1.1 International Tourist Beach   61 
5.1.2 Local visitor’s beach   62 
5.1.3 Local community beach   63 
5.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES IN SELECTED STUDY AREAS 64 
5.2.1 Kovalam   64 
5.2.2 Shankumugham   69 
5.2.3 Thope   73 
CHAPTER 6: FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSMENT   77 
6.1 FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK FOR STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION   77 
6.2 APPLICATION OF STUDY FRAMEWORK   81 
CHAPTER 7: COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF INITIATIVES ADOPTED: LEARNINGS & RECOMMENDATION 83 
7.1 ASSESSMENT OF INITIATIVES   83 
7.1.1 Kovalam   83 
7.1.2 Shankumugham    90 
7.1.3 Thope   95 
7.2 CORROBORATING THE OUTCOMES THROUGH TRANSECT SURVEY   99 
7.2.1 Kovalam   100 
7.2.2 Shankumugham   103 
7.2.3 Thope   105 
7.3 SYNTHESIS & KEY ACTION POINTS   106 
7.3.1 Kovalam   109 
7.3.2 Shankumugham   110 
7.3.3 Thope   112 
7.4 CONCLUSION   114

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