TY  - BOOK
AU  - Abinaya, N. (PT400114)
AU  - Gajjar, Rajul (Guide)
TI  - Deformation and maximum axial strain of slip weld lap joints in buried pipeline during seismic activity (Also available on CD)
U1  - SD TH-0206 
PY  - 2018///
N1  - CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION     9
1.1 GENERAL     9
1.2 APPLICATION    9
1.3 NEED OF PRESENT STUDY    10
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE DISSERTATION    10
1.5 SCOPE OF THE DISSERTATION    11
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY    11
1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION    11
2 LITERATURE REVIEW    13
2.1 GENERAL    13
2.2 TECHNICAL PAPERS    13
2.3 GUIDELINES AND HANDBOOKS    16
2.4 TEXTBOOKS    17
2.5 CODES    17
3 STEEL PIPELINES - A GENERAL INTRODUCTION    18
3.1 UNDERGROUND CONDUITS   18
3.2 SALIENT PROPERTIES OF STEEL PIPE    18
3.2.1 Strength     19
3.2.2 Ease of installation     19
3.2.3 High flow capacity    19
3.2.4 Leak resistance    20
3.2.5 Long service life   20
3.2.6 Reliability and versatility    20
3.2.7 Economy    21
3.3 ADVANTAGES OF STEEL PIPE AS PIPELINE MATERIAL   21
3.4 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING BURIED STEEL PIPE  21
3.5 STRENGTH OF MATERIAL   21
3.6 CLASSIFICATION OF PIPING MATERIAL  22
3.7 PIPELINE ALIGNMENT  22
3.8 SOIL INVESTIGATION   23
3.9 SLIP WELD LAP JOINT   23
3.10 FAILURE OF PIPELINES DUE TO EARTHQUAKE    24
3.10.1 Introduction    24
3.10.2 Failure modes in buried pipelines    24
3.11 FAILURE PATTERN AT THE JOINTS   26
3.11.1 Axial pull out     26
3.11.2 Crushing of bell and spigot joints    26
3.11.3 Flanged joint failure    27
3.11.4 Circumferential flexural failure and joint rotation    27
3.12 FAILURE OF PIPELINES FROM PAST EARTHQUAKES  28
3.12.1 San Fernando Earthquake (1971)   28
3.12.2 Landers and Big Bear Earthquakes (1992):    29
3.12.3 Northridge Earthquake (1994):   29
3.12.4 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake (1999)  30
3.12.5 Chi‐Chi Earthquake (1999): 31
4 THEORETICAL FORMULATION   32
4.1 VALIDATION STUDY   32
4.1.1 Introduction    32
4.1.2 Validation model   32
4.1.3 Pipe dimensions    32
4.1.4 Material properties   32
4.2 LOADING   33
4.3 SOIL PIPE INTERACTION   34
4.3.1 Assigning Soil Springs to Model Pipe    34
4.4 RESULTS FROM THE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH THE
LITERATURE   36
4.5 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE   37
4.6 SELECTION OF PIPE SAMPLE FOR STUDY   38
4.6.1 Geometric specifications   38
4.6.2 Chemical composition   40
4.6.3 Mechanical properties   40
4.6.4 Operating pressure   41
4.7 RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD OF ANALYSIS 41
4.7.1 Introduction   41
4.7.2 Response Spectra   41
4.7.3 Factor Influencing Response Spectra   42
4.7.4 Modal Combination Rules   42
5 LOADING   44
5.1 GENERAL   44
5.2 BEDDING OF PIPE 44
5.2.1 Bedding angle    45
5.3 TYPES OF INSTALLATION CONDITIONS   46
5.3.1 Trench condition:   46
5.3.2 Embankment condition   46
5.4 ASSUMPTIONS FOR CALCULATION OF LOAD ACTING ON THE PIPES ...47
5.5 CALCULATION OF LOADS   47
5.5.1 Vertical earth load   47
5.5.2 Weight of soil calculation   49
5.5.3 Weight of Water (WW)   50
5.5.4 Surface live loads   50
5.5.5 Live load calculation   51
6 SOIL PIPE INTERACTION   52
6.1 GENERAL   52
6.2 MODELING OF SOIL 52
6.3 MODELING OF SEGMENTED PIPELINE   53
6.4 SOIL SPRING REPRESENTATION   54
6.5 DATA ASSUMED FOR SOIL   55
6.6 SOIL SPRING PROPERTIES TO MODEL SOIL-PIPE INTERACTION   55
6.6.1 Axial Soil Spring   55
6.6.2 Lateral Soil Spring    58
6.6.3 Vertical soil spring   60
7 PROBLEM FORMULATION   63
7.1 GENERAL   63
7.2 SELECTION OF THE SOFTWARE   63
7.3 ABOUT THE SOFTWARE   63
7.4 MODEL PREPARATION, LOADING AND ANALYSIS   64
7.4.1 Defining materials   64
7.4.2 Creating pipe geometry    64
7.4.3 Assigning material properties    65
7.4.4 Defining the connections   65
7.4.5 Creating mesh   65
7.4.6 Defining and assigning static loads   67
7.5 ASSIGNING SOIL SPRING PROPERTIES TO THE PIPE   69
7.6 MODAL ANALYSIS    70
7.7 RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS    70
8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION   71
8.1 CHECK FOR BUCKLING CAPACITY IN THE PIPE   71
8.2 AXIAL STRAIN    71
8.2.1 Results from Modal Analysis    72
8.2.2 Response spectrum method   73
8.2.3 Deformation at the joints   74
9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE   76
9.1 CONCLUSION   76
9.2 FUTURE SCOPE   76
10 REFERENCE   77
11 APPENDIX A-CALCULATION OF SLENDERNESS RATIO    79

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