TY  - BOOK
AU  - Panchal, Kinnari
AU  - Iyer, Mona (Guide)
TI  - Policy incentives and disineentives for wastewater reuse - a case of Gujarat (Also available on CD)
U1  - P TH-1303 
PY  - 2011///
N1  - CONTENTS List of Figures:  VII List of Tables:  VIII Abbreviations  IX Executive Summary  2 1 Background of the Study:  2 1.1 Sanitation scenario in India:  3 1.2 Need for the Study:  5 1.3 Approach to the Study:  8   1.4 Research Objectives:  10 1.5 Research Questions:  11 1.6 Research Methodology:  11 2 Concept of Wastewater Reuse:  15 2.1 Factors driving Wastewater Reuse:  15 2.2 Wastewater Reuse Options:  15 2.2.1 Direct potable reuse:  16 2.2.2 Indirect potable reuse:  17 2.2.3 Non-potable reuse:  18 2.3 Conclusions:  21 3 Wastewater - A Growing Resource  23 3.1 Importance of Wastewater Reuse Guidelines:  23 3.2 Wastewater Recycling and Reuse in various Countries:  24 3.2.1 Countries with regulations and/or guidelines concerning Wastewater Recycling and Reuse:  26 3.2.2 Countries contemplating regulations concerning Wastewater Recycling and Reuse:  30 3.2.3 Countries without regulations concerning Wastewater Recycling and Reuse:  32 3.3 Conclusions:  35 4 Wastewater Reuse in India:  37 4.1 Brief Overview of Wastewater Reuse in India:  37 4.1.1 Wastewater-fed aquaculture, Calcutta wetlands:  37 4.1.2 Hyderabad:  38 4.1.3 Chennai:  39 4.2 Policy Framework for Wastewater in India:  40 4.3 Legal Framework for Wastewater in India:  43 4.3.1 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:  44 4.3.2 The Tiwari Committee, 1980:  44 4.3.3 The Environment (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986:  44 4.3.4 Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution, 1992:  45 4.3.5 Issues in the Sanitation Framework:  45 4.4 Legal Framework for Groundwater in India:  46 4.4.1 The Indian Easement Act, 1882:  46 4.4.2 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:  47 4.4.3 The Environment (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986:  47 4.4.4 The Model Bill:  47 4.4.5 Issues in Groundwater Framework:  49 4.5 Conclusions:  49 5 Wastewater Reuse in Gujarat State  52 5.1 Legal Framework for Wastewater in Gujarat State:  52 5.2 Wastewater Reuse in Gujarat:  53 5.3 Water Pollution due to untreated wastewater:  53 5.3.1 Domestic Sources:  54 5.3.2 Industrial Sources:  54 5.4 Selection of Cities:  54 5.4.1 Class of the cities:  54 5.4.2 Presence of Treatment Plant:  55 5.4.3 Availability of water:  56 5.4.4 Industries located nearby:  59 6 Case of Kalol Nagarpalika, Gujarat:  62 6.1 Kalol City Profile:  62 6.2 Water Supply:  63 6.3 Sewerage:  64 6.3.1 Wastewater Generation:  64 6.3.2 Wastewater Treatment:  65 6.3.3 Wastewater Reuse:  66 6.4 Potential Demand of Treated Wastewater - Industries:  66 6.4.1 Sintex:  66 6.4.2 Kalol Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC):  67 6.5 User's perspective - Industries:  68 6.5.1 Water tariffs:  69 6.5.2 Quality of water desired for industrial purposes:  69 6.5.3 Willingness to pay for treated wastewater:  69 6.5.4 Barriers in utilizing treated wastewater:  70 6.6 Potential Demand of Treated Wastewater - Agriculture:  71 6.7 User's perspective - Farmers:  72 6.7.1 Present water charges:  72 6.7.2 Willingness to pay for wastewater:  72 6.7.3 Barriers in utilizing treated wastewater  73 6.8 Opportunity & Challenges for Reusing/Recycling WW in Kalol:  73 6.9 Conclusions:  77 7 Case of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation:  80 7.1 Ahmedabad City Profile:  80 7.2 Water Supply:  82 7.3 Sewerage:  83 7.3.1 Wastewater Generation:  83 7.3.2 Wastewater Treatment:  84 7.3.3 Wastewater Reuse:  86 7.4 Potential Demand of Treated Wastewater - Industries:  86 7.5 User's perspective - Industries:  89 7.5.1 Water tariffs:  89 7.5.2 Quality of water desired for industrial purposes:  90 7.5.3 Willingness to pay for treated wastewater:  90 7.5.4 Barriers in utilizing treated wastewater:  90 7.6 Potential Demand of Treated Wastewater - Agriculture:  91 7.7 Opportunity & Challenges for Reusing/Recycling WW in Ahmedabad:  92 7.8 Conclusions:  92 8 Factors Influencing WW Reuse:  95 8.1 Internal factors influencing wastewater reuse:  97 8.1.1 Participation of ULB in Reuse process:  97 8.1.2 Cost of treated wastewater:  97 8.1.3 Public awareness:  99 8.1.4 Interplay of various organizations involved:  100 8.2 External factors influencing wastewater reuse:  100 8.2.1 Wastewater Reuse Policy and defined reuse framework:  100 8.2.2 Surface water availability for industries:  101 8.2.3 Groundwater Governance:  101 8.3 Way Forward:  102 Bibliography  105 Annexure 1: Comparison of WW Reuse Guidelines for Agriculture  109 Annexure 2: Hyderabad Declaration  110 Annexure 3: Kalol/ Vatwa GIDC Questionnaire:  113
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