TY  - BOOK
AU  - Dawande, Shrikant D.
TI  - Chemical hazards and safety
SN  - 8189904019
U1  - 363.7289 
PY  - 2007///
CY  - Nagpur
PB  - Denett & Co.
N1  - Contents   Chapter 1 : Safety In Chemical Processes 1to09 Introduction, 1.01 Chemical process classification 1.02 Process design aid safety parameters 1.03 Safety parameters in the process design of phenol from cumene 1.04 Safety in production of aromatic nitriles 1.05 Safety in polyvinyl chloride plant Chapter 2 : Chemicals And Their Hazards 10 to 32 Introduction, 2.01 Acetonitrile 2.02 Acetyl chloride 2.03 Butyl amine 2.04 Acrylamide 2.05 Acrylonitrile 2.06 Allyl alcohol 2.07 Ammonium bichromate 2.08 Anhydrous barium azide 2.09 Benzene 2.10 Bromine 2.11 Tetrahydrofuran 2.12 Isopropyl alcohol 2.13 Ethyl amine, 2.14 n-butyl chloride 2.15 Acetaldehyde 2.16 Monochloroacetic acid 2.17 Benzaldehyde 2.18 Benzyl acetate 2.19 Ethylene oxide 2.20 Allyl alcohol 2.21 n-butyl acetate 2.22 n-butyl acrylate 2.23 Butane 2.24 Camphor 2.25 Caprolactam 2.26 Citronella 2.27 Cumene 2.28 Cyclohexanol 2.29 n-hexane 2.30 Hydrazine 2.31 Anhydrous ammonia 2.32 n-butyl acetate 2.33 Acetone 2.34 Toluene 2.35 p-xylene 2.36 Acetic acid 2.37 Methyl isocyanate 2.38 Diethyl amine 2.39 Mojiochlorobenzene 2.40 Phenol 2.41 Hydrogen cyanide 2.42 Maleic anhydride 2.43 Potassium 2.44 Potassium cyanide 2.45 n-propanol 2.46 Propionic acid 2.47 Resorcino 2.48 Sodium 2.49 Oleum 2.50 Carbon monoxide Chapter 3 : Hazards In Chemical Process Plants  33 to 76 Introduction, 3.01 Hazards 3.02 Hazard code and explosive limit 3.03 Electrical safety in chemical process plants 3.04 Static electricity hazards 3.05 Hazards of metals 3.06 Pressure vessel hazards 3.07 LEL and UEL of various compounds 3.08 Explosive hazard 3.09 Leakage from a storage tank wall 3.10 Leakage from failure of pipes, gaskets etc. 3.11 Permissible limits of chemicals in water and air 3.12 Flammable liquid hazard 3.13 Liquid spillage hazard 3.14 Oil spillage hazard, 3.15 Thermal radiations from a fire 3.16 Protection to storage tanks 3.17 Fire zone location 3.18 Fireball, 3.19 Fire ball hazard. Chapter 4 : Safety In Handling Gases, Liquids And Solids  77 to 92 Introduction, 4.01 Safety in handling of gases, 4.02 Chlorine hazards 4.03 Chlorine leakage management 4.04 Safety in handling of fluorine 4.05  Important safety considerations in ammonia  storage 4.06 Flammable solids storage 4.07 Flammable liquid storage 4.08 Safety in handling of aluminium alkyls 4.09 Handling of LNG 4.10 Requirements to be fulfilled for storing hydrocarbons or chemicals 4.11 Fail safe concept 4.12 Transportation of hazardous chemicals 4.13 Hazards in plastics processing. Chapter 5: Disaster In Chemical Process Plants 93 to 119 Introduction, 5.01 Disaster in process plants 5.02 Emergency/disaster 5.03 Explosion 5.04 Unconfined vapour cloud explosion (UVCE) 5.05  Boiling  liquid  expanding  vapour  explosion  (BLEVE) 5.06 Identification of BLEVE 5.07 On-site emergency plan 5.08 Off site emergency plan 5.09 Emergency control program 5.10 Prevention of Flange Fires 5.11 Hazards in operation of ethylene pipeline 5.12 Fire hazards inherent in chemical processing. Chapter 6 : Relief Systems And Detectors  120 to 139 Introduction, 6.01 Relief system 6.02 Sizing vents for gas explosion 6.03 Weight covers 6.04 Drains and vents 6.05 Small piping systems failure 6.06 Fire detectors 6.07 Smoke detectors 6.08 Photoelectric detector 6.09 Infrared detector 6.10 Pellistor detector 6.11 Selection of fire detector 6.12 Heat detectors 6.13 IR detectors 6.14 Ultra-violet detector 6.15 Instruments for monitoring toxic and flammable process areas 6.16 Electrolytic cell detector 6.17 Instruments for detection of flammable hazard 6.18 Odour control in chemical plants 6.19 Fire alarms 6.20 Flammable gas detection 6.21 Fire hazard to storage tanks 6.22 Instrumentation. Chapter 7: Hazard Assessment  140 to 179 Introduction, 7.01 Fire and explosion index (F & El) 7.02 Loss control features 7.03 Safety audit 7.04 Scope of safety audit 7.05 Information requirement for safety audit 7.06 Equipment parameters 7.07 Piping syste-n consideration 7.08 Electrical equipments and instruments parameters 7.09 Venting arrangements 7.10 Safety equipments 7.11 Buildings 7.12 Raw materials and products 7.13 Plant layout 7.14 Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP). 7.15 Event Tree Analysis 7.16 Fault Tree Analysis 7.17 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis CFMEA) Chapter 8 : Combating Chemical Fires  180 to 207 Introduction, 8.01 Classification of fires 8.02 Control of high vapour pressure fire 8.03 Butane line rupture 8.04 Fire fighting foams 8.05 Advantages of semifixed system and fixed system 8.06 Portable system 8.07 Foam for fire protection 8.08 Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) 8.09 Glossary of foam terms 8.10 Important parameters in application of foam 8.11 Foam characteristics 8.12 Foam system 8.13 Gaseous agent extinguishing system 8.14 Use of foam to combat polar solvent fire 8.15 High back pressure foam make 8.16 Automatic sprinkler system 8.17 Hydrants 8.18 Water spray system 8.19 Design considerations of sprinkler system 8.20 Dry chemical extinguishing powders 8.21 Dry chemical systems 8.22 Particle size of powders 8.23 Natural gas fire control 8.24 Effect of fire on steel structure. Chapter 9 : Portable Fire Extinguishers  208 to 218 Introduction, 9.01 Portable fire extinguishers 9.02 Soda-acid extinguisher 9.03 Gas cartridge and stored pressure water filled extinguisher 9.04 Antifreeze extinguisher 9.05 Pump tank 9.06 Foam extinguisher 9.07 Carbon dioxide extinguisher 9.08 Dry chemical fire extinguisher 9.09-Vaporizing liquid fire extinguisher 9.10 Indian standards on fire extinguishers 9.11 General safety precautions for maintenance of fire extinguisher. Chapter 10 : Risk Assessment 219 to 243 Introduction, 10.01 Managing risks and hazards 10.02 Risk 10.03 Risk management 10.04 Objective of risk management 10.05 Risk in case of chlorine 10.06 Fatal accident frequency rate (FAFR) 10.07 Economics in reduction of FAFR 10.08 Risk identification 10.09 Quantitive risk analysis 10.10 Thermal risk 10.11 Quantitative risk assessment 10.12 Hazard control of chemicals 10.13 Substitution of less hazardous material 10.14 Process modificatio 10.15 Personal protection 10.16 Role of communication in safety 10.17 Crisis communication 10.18 Protective devices for operators 10.19 Managing risks and hazards 10.20 Emergency shutdown system 10.21 Systematic maintenance 10.22 Utility of risk management plan. Chapter 11 : Plant Layout For Safety 244 to 250 Introduction, 11.01 Process plant layout 11.02 Importance of plant layout in safety 11.03 Concept of plant layout 11.04 Safety and health criteria in plant layout 11.05 Horizontal vs. vertical layout 11.06 Plant location for petrochemical industries. Chapter 12 : Safety Checklist ----------------251 to 2 Introduction, 12.01 General safety rules in plant operatic 12.02 Common terms related to safety 12.03 Safety in chemic laboratories and pilot plants 12.04 Safety studies for process plants 12.05 Safety checklist for identification of hazards 12.06 Safety checkli during start up 12.07 Safety checklist during shutdown mode 12.08 Safety checklist for installation 12.09 Safety checklist for hazardoi materials 12.10 Safety needs during construction. Chapter 13 : Personal Safety ---------------- 265 Jto 27! Introduction, 13.01 Personal safety 13.02 Role of training 13.03 Fatigue and boredom 13.04 Role of human error in losses 13.05 Protective devices for operators 13.06 Safety management. Chapter 14 : Case Studies  280 to 300 Introduction, 14.01 Benzene leakage from a reboiler 14.02 Toluene leakage 14.03 Accident with trichloro ethylen 14.04 Phenol and caustic soda reaction 14.05 Accident due to steam flashin 14.06 Accident due to runaway reaction in reactor 14.07 Accident caused due to effluent treatment 14.08 Hazard caused due to thionyl chloride storage 14.09 Corrosion of hot duct and expansion joint handling SO2/SO3 gas mixture. 14.10 Corrosion in SO./SO3 absorption tower 14.11 Hazard caused due to phenol 14.12 Tower failure due to chlorine wash 14.13 Pipeline failure in mercury cell operation 14.14 Damage caused in HC1 production 14.15 Damage and hazard caused due to wrong material 14.16 Austenitic stainless steel tube failure of a waste heat boiler 14.17 Corrosion of cupro-nickel tube failure in sea water 14.18 Flixborough disaster 14.19 Bhopal gas disaster 14.20 Liquified natural gas tanker accident 14.21 Accidents related to ammonia 14.22 Ethylene tank car explosion 14.23 Accidents caused due to back flow 14.24 Fire due to leakage from a pump 14.25 Tube burst in a furnace 14.26 Storage tank tragedy 14.27 Separation vessel failure, 14.28 Reactor explosion. 14.29 Prevention planned for crude oil storage tank explosion. TABLES 301 - 306 REFERENCE 307 - 312 INDEX  313 - 315
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