TY - BOOK AU - Mitchell, William J. TI - Reconfigured eye : visual truth in the post-photographic era SN - 262631601 U1 - 621.367 PY - 1998/// CY - Massachusetts PB - MIT Press N1 - CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 1 BEGINNINGS Three Snapshots 3 The Raster Grid 4 Digital Image Creation 6 Mutability and Manipulation 6 Digital Images and the Postmodern Era 8 2 THE NASCENT MEDIUM Early Development 11 IMews Photography Goes Digital 16 Popularization 17 The Displacement of Photography 19 3 INTENTION AND ARTIFICE Claims to Credibility 23 Adherence of the Referent 24 Intention and Objectivity 28 Coherence 31 Relationship to Visual Discourses 37 Provenance 43 Originals and Copies 49 Mutation and Closure 51 Image Ethics Redefined 52 Devaluation 56 4 ELECTRONIC TOOLS Tools and Purposes 59 Image-Capture Devices 60 Information Content 66 Storage and Compression 69 Color and Color Separations 70 Digital Halftoning 74 Printing and Display Devices 78 Transmission and Distribution 80 Image Collections 82 Indexing, Access, and Contextualization 83 Vision Remade 85 5 DIGITAL BRUSH STROKES Filters 87 Figures and Grounds 88 Tone-Scale Adjustment 90 Darkening, Lightening, and Contrast 94 Thresholding and Posterization 95 Positives and Negatives 99 Colorization 100 Color Corrections and Transformations 101 Sharpening and Smoothing 104 Macchiaiolation and Diffusion 109 Line Extraction 109 Arbitrary Filters 112 True Colors 114 6 VIRTUAL CAMERAS Algorithmic Image Construction 117 Visual Reconstruction and Prediction 118 Modeling 119 Rendering: Projecting and Shading 124 Wireframe Projections 125 Viewing Parameters 128 Hidden Lines and Surfaces 132 Invasion of the Body Snatchers 134 7 SYNTHETIC SHADING The Logic of Light 137 Intrinsic Color 137 Ambient Light 138 Lambert Shading 139 Curved-Surface Shading 142 Specularity and Highlights 143 Surface Detail 145 Light Sources 148 Cast Shadows 150 Transparency 152 Global Illumination 153 Ray Tracing 153 Radiosity 156 Atmospheric and Volume Effects 159 Camera Artifacts 160 Photorealism 161 8 COMPUTER COLLAGE Mise en Image 163 Cutting and Pasting 166 Rotating and Reflecting 168 Scaling 171 Stretching and Shearing 173 False Foreshortening 175 Displacement Mapping 177 Blends, Mattes, and Masks 177 Retouching and Painting 183 Combining Synthetic and Captured Images 185 The Missing Witness 188 9 HOW TO DO THINGS WITH PICTURES Functions of Pictures 191 Denotation and Existence 195 Insertions 196 Effacements and Elisions 200 Substitutions 204 Anachronistic Assemblages 210 Falsehoods and Fictions 218 How Pictures Do Things with Us 220 10 THE SHADOWS ON THE WALL 225 NOTES 227 SELECTED READINGS 255 INDEX 269 ER -