TY - BOOK AU - Martin, James AU - Oxman, Steven TI - Building expert systems : a tutorial SN - 0130862401 U1 - 006.33 PY - 1988/// CY - New Jersey PB - Prentice Hall KW - N1 - CONTENTS Preface xi Prologue: The Vocabulary Used with Eixpert Systems 1 PART WHY EXPERT SYSTEMS? 1 What Is an Expert System? 73 Definition 14; Expert System Goals 15; A Few Examples 17; Expert System Components 25; Representative Architecture 25; Qualifying Characteristics 30; Problem-solving Activities 33; Supported Domains 38; Summary 43; References 44 Knowledge-Base Management and System Evolution 45 Developing Systems in Constant Evolution 46; The Incremental Construction of Large Systems 58; Knowledge Classification and Control Strategies 61; Knowledge Representation Schemes 63; Inferencing Strategies 64 Business Opportunities Offered by Expert Systems 67 Business Interest in Expert Systems 67; Domains to Be Supported in the Future 71; Towards Greater Commercialization 80; Next Generation of Expert Systems 87; Expert Systems in Business Situations 95; What Do We Want Expert Systems to Do? 100; Realistic Expert System Capabilities 100 Linking Expert Systems to Other 4 Software 77 7 Integration of Expert Systems with DBMS 112; Integration of Expert Systems into the MIS Environment 114; Integration of Expert Systems with DSS 116; Integration of Expert Systems with Process Control 121; Integration of Expert Systems with Office Automation 124; References 126 PART II THE CONSTRUCTION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Verifying Suitability of Tasks for Expert System Support 729 Introduction 129; An Expert Must Be Available 129; Nonexperts Require Expertise 131; The Task is Cognitive 132; The Task Must Not Require Common Sense 134; The Focus of the Expertise is Narrow 135; The Time is Under One Week 136; Rule Orientation is Helpful 137; Return on Investment Should Be Significant 138 Building Expert Systems 747 Differences Between Building Conventional and Expert Systems Concepts That Affect Design and Construction 145; Architectural Issues 150; Selecting Requisite Components 151; Design Issues That Are Affected by Task Type 159; Organizational Constraints 160; References 162 Contents Business Opportunities Offered by Expert Systems 67 Business Interest in Expert Systems 67; Domains to Be Supported in the Future 71; Towards Greater Commercialization 80; Next Generation of Expert Systems 87; Expert Systems in Business Situations 95; What Do We Want Expert Systems to Do? 100; Realistic Expert System Capabilities 100 Linking Expert Systems to Other Software 111 Integration of Expert Systems with DBMS 112; Integration of Expert Systems into the MIS Environment 114; Integration of Expert Systems with DSS 116; Integration of Expert Systems with Process Control 121; Integration of Expert Systems with Office Automation 124; References 126 PART III THE CONSTRUCTION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Verifying Suitability of Tasks for Expert System Support 129 Introduction 129; An Expert Must Be Available 129; Nonexperts Require Expertise 131; The Task is Cognitive 132; The Task Must Not Require Common Sense 134; The Focus of the Expertise is Narrow 135; The Time is Under One Week 136; Rule Orientation is Helpful 137; Return on Investment Should Be Significant 138 Building Expert Systems ui Differences Between Building Conventional and Expert Systems Concepts That Affect Design and Construction 145; Architectural Issues 150; Selecting Requisite Components 151; \ Design Issues That Are Affected by Task Type 159; Organizational Constraints 160; References 162 The Expert System Life Cycle 763 Project Life Cycle for Expert Systems 163; Knowledge Acquisition Tasks 171; Expert System Construction Tasks 178 Expert System Construction Requirements 787 Software 187; Hardware 192; Staff 194; Summary 197 TOOLS FOR BUILDING EXPERT SYSTEMS Languages 207 LISP 202; PROLOG 209; OPS5 216; References 222 Expert System Shells 223 Shell Components 223; Knowledge-Building Support Components 227; User-System Interface Tools 230; Knowledge-Bases, Blackboards, and Database Interfaces 231; Explanation Facilities 232; Technical Details of Shells 232; Knowledge Representation Schemes 233; Inference Schemes 238 Commercial Expert System Shells 249 Automated Reasoning Tool (ART) 251; EXSYS 261; Insight 2 + 264; Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE) 268; KnowledgeCraft 273; M.l 276; Personal Consultant and Personal Consultant Plus 279; PICON 285; RuleMaster 291; TIMM 295 Hardware for Expert Systems 307 LISP Machine Inc. 303; Symbolics 307; Tektronix 312; Texas Instruments 313; Xerox 321 Contents PART IV CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES Development of a Large Expert System 327 XSEL 327; Background 327; System Goals 330; XSEL System Description 331; System Use Today 343; Concluding Remarks 369 Development of a Personal Computer Expert System 373 Project Inception 373; How the Project Proceeded 374; FMS Communications Diagnostic System 374; Quick and Accurate Diagnosis 375; A Run Example 406; Concluding Remarks 410 How to Select the Right Tools 415 Knowledge Representations and Strategies 415; Requisite Tool Functionality 419; Interoperability 420; Selection Criteria 421; Summary 432 The Future of Expert System Technology 433 Knowledge Representation 433; Knowledge Acquisition 434; Expert System Tools 438; Expert System Programming 441; Expert System Interfacing 441; Expert System Applications 44 Summary 444 Index 447 ER -