TY - BOOK AU - Husain, Majid TI - Models in geography SN - 9788131601358 U1 - 910 PY - 2007/// CY - New Delhi PB - Rawat Publication N2 - Contents Preface xi List of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY 1 Essential Characteristics of Geography 4 Nature of Geography 6 Systematic or Scientific Geography 6 Areal Differentiation 8 Exceptionalism in Geography 10 Spatial Analysis 13 Locational Analysis 13 Geography as a Chorographic or Chorologic (Regional) Science 16 Geography as the Science of the Planet Earth 17 Geography: An Idiographic or Nome the tic Discipline 18 Geography: A Discipline of Synthesis 19 The Geographic Continuum 21 Geography as the Science of Relationship 23 Geography as the Science of Distribution 24 Geography as a Chorographic Science 25 History and Evolution of Geography 25 Founders of Modern Geography 28 Quantitative Revolution in Geography 30 MODELS AND THEORIES IN GEOGRAPHY 36 Significance of Geographical Models 36 Utility of Modelling in Geography 37 Features of a Model 38 Types of Models 39 General or Systematic Classification of Models 39 Critical Evaluation 46 3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS IN GEOGRAPHY 51 What is System? 51 Earth's Systems 51 Models of Systems 53 System Analysis 54 General System Theory 54 Structure of a System 56 Geographical System 60 Population Theories 61 Malthusian Theory of Population 61 Marxian Theory of Population 64 Demographic Transition Theory 68 Theory of Optimum Population 72 Central Place Theory 73 Losch Location Model 82 von Thunen Model of Agricultural Land Use 85 Weber's Theory of Industrial Location 95 Rostow's Stages of Growth 103 Heartland Theory of Mackinder 107 Spykman's Rimland Concept 115 Boundaries and Frontiers 117 Limits to Growth Model 128 Forrester-Meadows Model 129 Growth Pole 138 Growth Centres 139 Growth Point 139 4 ORIGIN OF URBAN PLACES 143 The Size and Spacing of Cities 144 Rank-Size Rule 144 Primate City 147 Urban Morphology or the Internal Structure of Towns 151 and Cities Central Business District (CBD) 151 Theories of Urban Structure 153 Internal Structure (Morphology) of Indian Cities 158 Spheres of Urban Influence (City Region, Zone of Urban Influence) 162 City Regions in India 167 Metropolitan Regions in India 167 Rural-Urban Fringe 170 Green Belt 173 Satellite Town 174 Census Definition of Urban Areas 175 Conurbation 176 Rural-Urban Continuum 178 Urban Sprawl 179 Slums 180 Squatter Settlements (Shanty Colonies) 181 Ghetto 182 Urbanization in India 182 Town/Urban Planning 192 National Urbanization Policy 195 5 RURAL SETTLEMENTS 199 Human Settlements 199 Rural Settlements 200 Classification of Rural Settlements 200 Patterns of Rural Settlements 205 Planned Rural Settlements 210 Rural Settlements in India 212 Morphology of Rural Settlements of India 215 6 POPULATION AND MIGRATION 217 Population Prior to Agricultural Revolution 218 Future Distribution of Population 224 Population Problems 229 Population Policies 234 Population and Human Well-being 243 Causes of Migration 245 Consequences of Migration 252 7 CLIMATIC CHANGE 256 Causes of Climatic Change 258 Theories of Climatic Change 261 Climate and Development 264 The Greenhouse Effect 264 Consequences of Climatic Change 266 Climatic Change in India 275 Contradictory Opinion 277 Global Cooling 279 Climatic Real Battle 279 The Kyoto Protocol, 1997 281 Glossary 283 Appendices 327 Index 343 ER -