TY  - GEN
AU  - Diamond, Jared
TI  - World until yesterday: what can we learn from traditional societies?
SN  - 9781846147586
U1  - 305.89 
PY  - 2012///
CY  - New Delhi
PB  - Penguin books 
N2  - CONTENT
List of Tables and Figures	xi
PROLOGUE: At the Airport	i
An airport scene * Why study traditional societies? o States " Types of traditional societies * Approaches, causes, and sources " A small book about a big subject * Plan of the book
PART ONE: SETTING THE STAGE BY DIVIDING SPACE
CHAPTER i.  Friends, Enemies, Strangers, and Traders                      37
A boundary " Mutually exclusive territories o Non-exclusive land use " Friends, enemies, and strangers o First contacts * Trade and traders " Market economies o Traditional forms of trade " Traditional trade items o Who trades what? " Tiny nations
PART TWO: PEACE AND WAR
CHAPTER 2.  Compensation for the Death of a Child                      79
An accident " A ceremony " What if. . . ? * What the state did " New Guinea compensation " Life-long relationships o Other non-state societies * State authority * State civil justice o Defects in state civil justice o State criminal justice * Restorative justice " Advantages and their price
CHAPTER 3. A Short Chapter, About a Tiny War                           119
The Dani War " The war's time-line * The war's death toll
CHAPTER 4. A Longer Chapter, About Many Wars	129
Definitions of war " Sources of information o Forms of traditional warfare * Mortality rates " Similarities and differences o Ending warfare " Effects of European contact " Warlike animals, peaceful peoples * Motives for traditional war * Ultimate reasons " Whom do people fight? * Forgetting Pearl Harbor
PART THREE: YOUNG AND OLD
CHAPTER 5.  Bringing Up Children	173
Comparisons of child-rearing o Childbirth " Infanticide * Weaning and birth interval o On-demand nursing " Infant-adult contact * Fathers and allo-parents " Responses to crying infants " Physical punishment * Child autonomy " Multi-age playgroups * Child play and education " Their kids and our kids
CHAPTER 6. The Treatment of Old People: Cherish, Abandon,
or Kill?                                                      210
The elderly " Expectations about eldercare * Why abandon or kill? o Usefulness of old people * Society's values " Society's rules * Better or worse today? * What to do with older people?
PART FOUR: DANGER AND RESPONSE
CHAPTER 7. Constructive Paranoia                                       243
Attitudes towards danger * A night visit " A boat accident o Just a stick in the ground " Taking risks * Risks and talkativeness
CHAPTER 8.  Lions and Other Dangers                                  276
Dangers of traditional life * Accidents * Vigilance * Human violence * Diseases * Responses to diseases o Starvation * Unpredictable food shortages o Scatter your land * Seasonally and food storage " Diet broadening " Aggregation and dispersal " Responses to danger
PART FIVE: RELIGION, LANGUAGE, AND HEALTH
CHAPTER 9. What Electric Eels Tell Us About the Evolution
of Religion                                               323
Questions about religion * Definitions of religion o Functions and electric eels * The search for causal explanations " Supernatural beliefs " Religion's function of explanation * Defusing anxiety * Providing comfort o Organization and obedience " Codes of behavior towards strangers o Justifying war " Badges of commitment * Measures of religious success o Changes in religion's functions
CHAPTER 10.  Speaking in Many Tongues                               369
Multilingualism * The world's language total * How languages evolve * Geography of language diversity " Traditional multilin-gualism " Benefits of bilingualism * Alzheimer's disease o Vanishing languages " How languages disappear * Are minority languages harmful? " Why preserve languages? * How can we protect languages?
CHAPTER 11. Salt, Sugar, Fat, and Sloth                                   410
Non-communicable diseases * Our salt intake o Salt and blood pressure " Causes of hypertension " Dietary sources of salt * Diabetes * Types of diabetes * Genes, environment, and diabetes * Pima Indians and Nauru Islanders " Diabetes in India " Benefits of genes for diabetes " Why is diabetes low in Europeans? o The future of non-communicable diseases
EPILOGUE: At Another Airport                                               452
From the jungle to the 405 " Advantages of the"modern world * Advantages of the traditional world * What can we learn?
Acknowledgments	467
Further Readings	471
Index	483
Illustration Credits	499
Figure i       Locations of 39 societies that will be discussed
frequently in this book	26-27
Table 1.1	Objects traded by some traditional societies	68
Table 3.1	Membership of two warring Dani alliances	122
Table 8.1	Causes of accidental death and injury	279
Table 8.2	Traditional food storage around the world	309
Table 9.1	Some proposed definitions of religion	327
Table 9.2      Examples of supernatural beliefs confined to
particular religions                                            341
Figure 9.1	Religion's functions changing through time	367
Table 11.1	Prevalences of Type-2 diabetes around the world	438
Table 11.2  Examples of gluttony when food is abundantly available       444

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