TY  - GEN
AU  - Gaborit, Pascaline
TI  - European new towns: image, identities, future perspectives
SN  - 9789052016719 
U1  - 711.4094 
PY  - 2010///
CY  - New York
PB  - P.I.E. Peter Lang
N2  - Contents

Foreword by Vincent Fouchier 						9
Executive Summary							13
Introduction								17
1. The Creation of New Towns: a Brief History				23
1.1. General Historical Outline						23
1.2. Why Build New Towns?Common Goals, Different Approaches 	26
1.2.1. United Kingdom.							27
1.2.2. France								30
1.2.3. The Netherland							32
1.2.4. Sweden								34
1.2.5. Denmark								35
1.2.6. Finland								36
1.2.7. Central and Eastern Europe						38
1.2.8. Peri-Urbanised Areas and New Towns in Emerging Countries 	41
2. New Towns Facing Challenges					 49
2.1. Financing New Towns: an Overview				49
2.1.1. Where Do Revenues Come From? 					50
2.1.2. New Town Administration						50
2.1.3. Why Do New Towns Ask for More Financing			52
2.2. A Changing Population						54
2.2.1. Demographic Trends						54
2.2.2. Population								57
2.3. Provision of Public Services and Amenities 				58
2.3.1. Fostering Image 							58
2.3.2. Basic Public Services and Amenities 				59
2.3.3. Increasing Focus on Entertainment 					62
2.3.4. Main Problems Encountered.					67
2.4. Distance and Transportation					68
2.5. The Rural-Urban Dimension and Landscape Management 
and Preservation  						71
2.6. Housing 								74
2.6.1. Housing Still on the Growth?					74
2.6.2. Urban Regeneration Needs. 					77
2.6.3. The Paradoxes of Diversity  					81
2.7. Economic Development 						83
2.7.1. Problems Encountered by New Towns				84
2.7.2. Innovative Strategies 						85
2.8. Social Exclusion							90
2.9. Identity and Sense of Community					91
2.9.1. Why Is This so Fundamental? 					92
2.9.2. Lack of Historical and Cultural Heritage 				95
2.9.3. The "Dormitory Town" Effect 					95
2.9.4. Lack of Community Spirit						96
2.9.5. Filling in the Gap 							96
3. Town Centres.							107
3.1. State of the Art 							107
3.1.1. Traditional Role and Transformations 				107
3.1.2. Today's Situation and Difficulties 					109

3.2. Specific Challenges Facing New Town Centres 			110
3.2.1. Theme 1: Zoning and Segregation 					110
3.2.2. Theme 2: Image and Economic Development 			112
3.2.3. Theme 3: Accessibility of Town Centres . 				113
Conclusion 								117
Set of Indicators: Successful and Sustainable New Towns 		119
ENTP - European New Towns Platform  				123
The Author and Contributions. 						125
References 								127

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