TY  - BOOK
AU  - Kanpur, Indian Institute of Technology[IIT]
TI  - IITK-GSDMA guidelines on measures to mitigate effects of terrorist attacks on buildings
SN  - 8190419080
U1  - 624.1762 
PY  - 2007///
CY  - Kanpur
PB  - National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
N1  - CONTENTS 1: Introduction  1 1.1 Hazards from Terrorism, and Consequences  1 1.1.1 Influence of Occupancy of Structures on Terrorist Threats  3 1.1.2 Loss of Human Lives and Damage to Property  4 1.2 Anti-Terrorism Strategies  4 1.3 Initial & Lifecycle Costs  7 1.3.1 Competing Considerations  8 1.4 Insurance  9 1.4.1 Stakeholders and their Role  10 1.4.2 Influence of Terrorism on Current Insurance Policies  11 1.5 Building Bye-laws for Terrorism Risk Reduction  12 1.5.1 Current Indian Codes Related to Terrorist Threats  12 1.5.2 Building Regulations  13 1.6 Risk Reduction Process  13 2: Possible Damage to Buildings Under Blast Loading  15 2.1 Estimation of Blast Load Imposed on Buildings  15 2.1.1 Influence of Stand-Off Distance  18 2.1.2 Blast Load Prediction  21 2.2 Prediction of Blast Damage Sustained by Buildings  22 2.2.1 Mechanisms of Damage in Buildings   24 2.3 Lessons from Past Experiences  26 3: Guidelines for New Buildings  31 3.1 Design Philosophy  31 3.2 Site Planning  32 3.2.1 Land-use Design  33 3.2.1.1 Sign Boards  33 3.2.1.2 Street Furniture  35 3.2.2 Type of Building  35 3.2.3 Location of Building on Plot Area  35 3.2.3.1 Clustering versus Spreading Buildings  35 3.2.3.2 Building orientation  37 3.2.3.3 Open space  38 3.2.3.4 Stand-off distance  39 3.2.3.5 Access roads  40 3.2.4 Critical Utilities of Building  41 3.2.5 Entry to site  43 3.2.6 Surveillance  43 3.2.6.1 Line of Sight  43 3.2.6.2 Entry Control  45 3.2.6.3 Barriers  46 3.2.7 Parking  49 3.3 Architectural Considerations 51 3.3.1 Architectural Configuration 51 3.3.1.1 Shape 51 3.3.1.2 Size 53 3.3.2 Functional Planning 53 3.3.3 Non-structural Elements 55 3 3.3.1 Utilities 55 3.3.3.2 Window and Door Openings 59 3.3.3.3 Roof Systems 63 3.3.3.4 Exterior Wall /Cladding 64 3.4 Structural Aspects 64 3.4.1 Structural System and Level of Hardening 65 3.4.1.1 Five Virtues of Hardened Structures 65 3.4.1.2 Choice of Structural System 66 3.4.2 Progressive Collapse Analysis 66 3.4.2.1 Design Methods 67 3.4.2.2 Design Strategies 68 3.4.3 Improving Local Response of Structural Elements 69 3.4.3.1 Building Envelope Issues 69 3.4.3.2 Roof and Floor Slabs 70 3.4.3.3 Roof/Floor Beams versus Transfer Girders 73 3.4.3.4 Columns and Walls 76 Analysis and Design 79 4: Guidelines for Existing Buildings 83 4.1 Basic Anti-terrorism Strategies for Existing Buildings 83 4.2 Mitigation Treatments for Different Hazards 83 4.2.1 Explosion 83 4.2.2 Arson 84 4.2.3 Armed Attack 84 4.2.4 Biological, Chemical, Nuclear and Radiological Attack84 4.2.5 Others  85 4.3 Asset Value 85 4.4 Vulnerability Assessment 86 4.4.1 Overall Vulnerability Rating  86 4.4.2 Detailed Vulnerability Assessment 89 4.5 Risk Evaluation and Reduction 89 4.5.1 Risk Assessment 90 4.5.2 Risk Management 91 5: Concluding Remarks 93 5.1 Summary 93 5.2 Challenges 94 5.2.1 Systemic Issues 94 5.2.2 Technical Issues 94 Appendix A: Blast Loading on Structures 97 References 117
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