TY  - BOOK
AU  - Askeland, Donald R.
AU  - Phule, Pradeep P.
TI  - Essentials of materials science and engineering
SN  - 8131502333
U1  - 620.1 
PY  - 2007///
CY  - Australia
PB  - Thomson
KW  -  
N1  - Preface xv Hbout the flute xix Chapter 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Enpineerino 1 Introduction1 1-1What is Materials Science and Engineering?  2 1-2Classification of Materials  5 1-3Functional Classification of Materials  9 1-4Classification of Materials Based on Structure11 1-5Environmental and Other Effects12 1-6Materials Design and Selection14 SUMY 15 GLOSSARY 16 PROBLEMS 17 Chapter 2 fltomic Structure 19________ Introduction19 2-1The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance  20 2-2The Structure of the Atom  21 2-3The Electronic Structure of the Atom  26 2-4The Periodic Table  28 2-5Atomic Bonding  30 2-6Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing  37 SUMMRRY 40 GLOSSRRY 41 PROBLEMS 43 Chapter 3 fltomic and Ionic flrranQements 46 Introduction  46 3-1  Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order  47 3-2  Amorphous Materials: Principles and Technological Applications  49 3-3  Lattice, Unit Cells, Basis, and Crystal Structures  50 3-4 Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations  58 3-5 Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell59 3-6 Interstitial Sites  69 3-7 Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials  71 3-8 Covalent Structures  74 3-9 Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis  75 SUMMRRY 77 GLOSSARY 78 PROBLEMS 80 Chapter 4 Imperfections in the fltomic and Ionic (tenements 84 Introduction  84 4.1Point Defects  85 4.2Other Point Defects  91 4.3Dislocations  92 4.4Significance of Dislocations  99 4.5Schmid's Law  99 4.6Influence of Crystal Structure101 4.7Surface Defects102 4.8Importance of Defects  106 SUMMARY109 GLOSSRRY 109 PROBLEMS 111 Chapter S fltom and Ion Movements in Materials 114 Introduction114 5-1 Applications of Diffusion115 5-2 Stability of Atoms and Ions117 5-3 Mechanisms for Diffusion119 5-4 Activation Energy for Diffusion121 5-5 Rate of Diffusion (Pick's First Law)122 5-6 Factors Affecting Diffusion125 5-7 Permeability of Polymers  131 5-8 Composition Profile (Fick's Second Law)132 5-9 Diffusion and Materials Processing  136 SUMY 137 GLOSSRRY 138 PROBLEMS 139 Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties: Fundamentals and Tensile, Hardness, and Impact Testing 143 Introduction143 6-1  Technological Significance144 6-2 Terminology for Mechanical Properties  145 6-3 The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram149 6-4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test153 6-5 True Stress and True Strain159 6-6 The Bend Test for Brittle Materials161 6-7 Hardness of Materials164 6-8 Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior  166 6-9 Properties Obtained from the Impact Test  167 SOMMRRY 170 GLOSSARY 170 PROBLEMS 173 Chapter 7 Fracture Mechanics, Fatigue, and Creep Behavior 177 Introduction177 7-1  Fracture Mechanics  178 7-2  The Importance of Fracture Mechanics  181 7-3  Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials  184 7-4 Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites  188 7-5  Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis190 7-6 Fatigue 195 7-7  Results of the Fatigue Test198 7-8 Application of Fatigue Testing  200 7-9 Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion  204 7-10 Evaluation of Creep Behavior  206 SUMMRRY 207 GLOSSRRY 200 PROBLEMS 209 Chapter 8 Strain Hardening and flnnealing 213_____ Introduction  213 8-1 Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve  214 8-2 Strain-Hardening Mechanisms  219 8-3 Properties versus Percent Cold Work  220 8-4 Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses  223 8-5 Characteristics of Cold Working  227 8-6 The Three Stages of Annealing  229 8-7 Control of Annealing  232 8-8 Annealing and Materials Processing  234 8-9 Networking  236 SUMHRRY 238 GLOSSRRV 238 PROBLEMS 240 Chapter 9 Principles and Applications of Solidification 245 Introduction  245 9-1 Technological Significance  246 9-2 Nucleation247 9-3 Growth Mechanisms  252 9-4 Cooling Curves  257 9-5 Cast Structure  259 9-6 Solidification Defects  260 9-7 Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components  262 9-8 Continuous Casting, Ingot Casting, and Single Crystal Growth 9-9 Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses  266 9-10 Joining of Metallic Materials  267 264 SUMMARY 269 GLOSSARY 269 PROBLEMS 272 Chapter 10 Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium 277 Introduction277 10-1 Phases and the Phase Diagram  278 10-2 Solubility and Solid Solutions  282 10-3 Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility  285 10-4 Solid-Solution Strengthening  286 10-5 Isomorphous Phase Diagrams  289 10-6 Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram  298 10-7 Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy  299 SUMMARY 301 GLOSSARY 302 PROBLEMS 304 Chapter 11 Dispersion Strengthening and Eutecfic Phase Diagrams 309 Introduction  309 11-1 Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening  310 11-2 Intermetallic Compounds  311 11-3 Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions  313 11-4 The Eutectic Phase Diagram  316 11-5 Strength of Eutectic Alloys  326 11-6 Eutectics and Materials Processing  331 11-7 Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System  333 SUMMRRY 334 GLOSSARY 335 .PROBLEMS 336 Chapter 12 Dispersion Strengthening bij Phase Transformations and ___Heat Treatment 342__________ Introduction  342 12-1 Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions  343 12-2 Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit  347 12-3 Age or Precipitation Hardening  349 12-4 Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys  349 12-5 Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening  350 12-6 Effects of Aging Temperature and Time  352 12-7 Requirements for Age Hardening  354 12-8 Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures  354 12-9 The Eutectoid Reaction  355 12-10 Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction  360 12-11 The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering  365 SUNMRRY 369 GLOSSRRY 370 PROBLEMS 372 Chapter 13 Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons 376 Introduction  376 13-1 Designations and Classification of Steels  377 13-2 Simple Heat Treatments  381 13-3 Isothermal Heat Treatments  383 13-4 Quench and Temper Heat Treatments  386 13-5 Effect of Alloying Elements  391 13-6 Application of Hardenability  394 13-7 Specialty Steels  397 13-8 Surface Treatments  398 13-9 Weldability of Steel  401 13-10 Stainless Steels  402 13-11 Cast Irons  406 SUMMARY  412 GLOSSRRY 412 PROBLEMS 415 Chapter 14 Nonferrous Rlloijs 420 Introduction  420 14-1 Aluminum Alloys  421 14-2 Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys 428 14-3 Copper Alloys  430 14-4 Nickel and Cobalt Alloys  433 14-5Titanium Alloys  437 14-6  Refractory and Precious Metals  444 SUMMAAY 445 GLOSSARY 445 PAOBLENS 446 Chapter IS Ceramic Materials 449______ Introduction  449 15-1 Applications of Ceramics  450 15-2 Properties of Ceramics  452 15-3 Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders  453 15-4 Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics  458 15-5 Inorganic Glasses  460 15-6 Glass-Ceramics  466 15-7 Processing and Applications-of Clay Products  468 15-8 Refractories  469 15-9 Other Ceramic Materials  471 SUMMARY 473 GLOSSRRY 474 PROBLEMS 475 ChflpieMB Polymers 477__________ Introduction  477 16-1 Classification of Polymers  478 16-2 Addition and Condensation Polymerization  482 16-3 Degree of Polymerization  485 16-4 Typical Thermoplastics  487 16-5 Structure-Property Relationships in Thermoplastics  489 16-6 Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics  493 16-7 Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics  499 16-8 Elastomers (Rubbers)  504 16-9 Thermosetting Polymers  509 16-10 Adhesives  511 16-11 Polymer Processing and Recycling  512 SOMMARY 517 GLOSSARY 518 PROBLEMS 520 Chapter 17 Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials 523 Introduction  523 17-1 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites  525 17-2 Particulate Composites  527  17-3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites  532 17-4 Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites  537 17-5 Manufacturing Fibers and Composites  544 17-6 Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications  548 17-7 Laminar Composite Materials  555 17-8 Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites  557 17-9 Sandwich Structures  558 SUMMRRY 559 GLOSSARY 560 PROBLEMS 562 Appendix  A : Selected Physical Properties of Metals 565 Appendix B: The fltomic and Ionic Radii of Selected Elements 567 Answers  to Selected Problems 569 Index 572
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