Content List of plates vii List of figures ix List of boxes xi List of tables xiiii Notes on contributors xv 1.Introduction and Overview 1 Arnulf Grubler and David Fisk PART I The urbanization context 2.Urbanization Past and Future 17 Arnulf Grubler and Thomas Buettner 3.Urbanization Dynamics 31 David Fisk 4.City Walls and Urban Hinterlands: The Importance of System Boundaries 41 Julia Steinberger and Helga Weisz 5.Urban Energy Use 57 Arnulf Grubler and Niels B. Schulz PART II The urban challenges 6.Energy Access and Housing for Low-income Groups in Urban Areas 73 David Satterthwaite and Alice Sverdlik 7.Energy Demand and Air Pollution Densities, including Heat Island Effects 95 Niels B. Schulz, Arnulf Grubler and Toshiaki Ichinose 8.Supply Constraints and Urban Policy Frameworks 109 David Fisk PART III Urban policy opportuinities and responses 117 9.Drivers of Urban Energy Use and Main Policy Leverages 119 Xuemei Bai, Shobhakar Dhakal, Julia Steinberger, and Helga Weisz 10.Transport Systems 135 Gerd Sammer 11.Urban Energy Systems Planning, Design and Implementation 155 James E. Keirstead and Nilay Shah 12.Urban Air Quality Management 163 Shobhakar Dhakal 13.Summary and Conclusion 175 Arnulf Grubler and David Fisk Refrences 189 Index 207