Content Foreword 3 Preface 4 About the Book 6 About the Authors 7 Abbreviations Used 8 I.INTRODUCTION 13 The concept of participation 14 Typology of participation 16 Why the shift towards people's participation 18 Assumptions of participatory approach 1-9 Purpose of participatory approaches 19 Common participatory extension approaches 20 II. PARTICIPATORY EXTENSION APPROACHES 21 Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal 21 Prelude 21 PRA definition 22 Steps involved 23 PRA advantages and criticisms 23 PRA techniques 25 Empirical evidences 28 Illustration of a case on PRA 29 III. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT 39 Prelude 39 Methodology Empirical evidences Farming situation based extension approach Rationale Empirical evidences Assessment of Technological gap Illustration of a case on NARP IV. PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Prelude The process and steps in PTD Problem diagnosis Experimentation Evaluation Some PTD projects and their locations Types of farm trails Empirical evidences Illustration of a Case on PTD V. PARTICIPATORY CROP IMPROVEMENT APPROACH Prelude Participatory Research Some Important Features Participatory Varietal selection Participatory Plant Breeding Tools used in PVS and PPB PVS and PPB compared Limitations of Participatory Research Comparison of participatory and conventional breeding Case studies VI. FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION77 Prelude 77 Historical origin 77 Theories and principles 78 Historical timeline in India and abroad 79 Illustration of a case on FSR/E 82 VII. PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES FOR CPRs MANAGEMENT 87 Prelude 87 Watershecapproach 87 Methodology 88 Impact 89 Participatory Integrated Development of Watersheds 93 Methodology 94 Illustration of a case 95 VIII. PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IN FOREST MANAGEMENT 97 Prelude 97 Global Forest Cover 97 Joint Forest Management in India 98 The Assumption and origin 100 Working Pattern 101 Tree Growers Cooperative societies in Karnataka 104 Methodology 107 Common property/Hill Resources Management 106 Hill resource management society 107 CPRS management through tree growers society 108 Case Studies - JFM in India 109 Gender equity and JFM 110 Forest Management Polices of Internationa! Lending Agencies - World Bank, USAID, Asian Development Bank 115 IX. Epilogue: lessons learnt 118 REFERENCES 122 Subject Index 127