OVERVIEW: PARTNERSHIPS FOR PROGRESS 1 1.THE STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 13 Dimensions of Human Development 13 o Summing up 36 2.LIVELIHOODS AND LIVING STANDARDS 37 Three Features 37 o Inequities in Living Standards 44 Summing up 56 3.PEOPLE'S ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS 57 Introduction 57 Fondness for Delhi 57 Basic Amenities 59 o Public Safety 71 o Summing Up 73 4.THE GOVERNANCE CHALLENGE 76 Institutional Arrangements 76 o Fiscal Governance 81 o Four Features 82 o Important Institutions 83 o Summing Up 84 5.BREAKTHROUGH WITH BHAGIDAEI 86 The Bhagidari Way 86 o Additional Measures 93 o Summing Up 97 6.STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS: THE WAY FORWARD 99 Human Development Priorities 101 ANNEXURE Public Perception Survey 2005: Design and Methodology 112 BACKGROUND PAPERS AND REFERENCES 115 TABLES ' 1.1 Demographic features of Delhi's districts 14 1.2 Population density and urbanization in four metropolitan cities of India 14 1.3 Growth in real per capita Net State Domestic Product in major states: 1993-4 to 2001-02 15 1.4 Progress in reducing urban poverty in major Indian states: 1973-4 to 1999-2000 18 1.5 Monthly per capita expenditure in urban areas 19 1.6 Spending on select non-food items 19 1.7 Infant Mortality Rate across Indian states 21 1.8 Per capita expenditure on health 21 1.9 Female literacy in Delhi 22 1.10 Number of MCD primary schools zone-wise with range of student-teacher ratios 23 1.11 Distribution of out-of-school children kshetra-wise, Delhi 2003 o 24 1.12 Characteristics of sampled children 25 1.13 Per capita expenditure on education 26 1.14 Sex ratios and literacy rates in four metropolitan cities of India 27 1.15 Sex ratio at birth 28 1.16 Delhi's aging population 30 1.17 Changing pattern of land use in NCT of Delhi 33 1.18 Tree and forest cover in Delhi 33 1.19 Crime incidence in Delhi: 200-4 34 1.20 Types of crimes committed against women in Delhi: 2004 ' 34 1.21 Disposal of IPC cases by Delhi Police: 2004 35 1.22 Disposal of IPC cases by Delhi Court: 2004 35 1.23 Conviction rate of IPC crimes against women: 2004 35 2.1 Organized sector employment in Delhi 40 2.2 Estimated number of unorganized sector workers in Delhi: 1993-4 and 1999-2000 41 2.3 Migration in Delhi: 1991-2001 42 2.4 Prominent states of origin of in-migrants to Delhi over the last two decades 42 2.5 Reported reasons for in-migration to Delhi 43 2.6 Percentage share of in-migrants in Urban Agglomerates 43 2.7 Share of unorganized workers by gender in total employment 43 2.8 Occupancy status 45 2.9 Households without service connections 46 2.10 Water distribution in Delhi 48 2.11 Distribution of households by source of drinking water, 2001 48 2.12 Load on road space 52 2.13 Power scenario 53 2.14 Sectoral share of air pollution in Delhi 54 2.15 Growth of registered vehicles in Delhi 54 3.1 Characteristics of households surveyed 58 3.2 Rating of basic amenities across Delhi's districts 74 3.3 Rating of basic amenities across localities in Delhi 74 3.4 Rating of basic amenities across different income groups 74 4.1 Cases pending for more than ten years in the subordinate courts 85 5.1 Perceptions of success and failure by 240 citizen's groups 95 5.2 Perceptions of change among Delhi's citizens 98 6.1 Selected Human Development Indicators: Delhi vis-a-vis India and best performing Indian states 100 6.2 Incidence and rate of crime committed against children in cities during 2003 108 FIGURES 1.1 Richest Indian states with incomes higher than the all-India average 16 1.2 Per capita income: Delhi and India 17 1.3 Number of people living below the poverty line in Delhi 17 1.4 Proportion of population below the poverty line: Delhi and India 17 1.5 Agency-wise distribution of hospital beds 20 1.6 Growth of beds 20 1.7 Infant mortality rate by sex 20 1.8 Delhi's female-to-male sex ratio, 1951-2001 27 1.9 Sex ratio in Delhi by districts, 2001 27 1.10 Sex ratio (0-6 years) in Delhi 28 1.11 Distribution of disabled persons in Delhi, 2002 . 32 2.1 Expansion of .small-scale industrial units in Delhi 38 2.2 Growth of employment in Delhi's industrial sector 40 2.3 Housing occupancy status 45 2.4 Declining poverty and increasing number of slums 45 2.5 Sector-wise distribution of hazardous waste 50 2.6 Load on road space 51 2.7 Vehicular population in four metropolitan cities, 2000-01 55 3.1 Attachment to Delhi 59 3.2 What makes Delhi attractive? 59 3.3 Rating of employment opportunities in Delhi 59 3.4 Physical quality of life problems identified by Delhi's residents 60 3.5 Rating of the quality of Delhi's environment 60 3.6 Quality of Delhi's environment across districts 61 3.7 Quality of environment in different residential localities of Delhi 6l 3.8 Assessment of improvement in the quality of Delhi's environment 61 3.9 Assessment of improvement in levels of air pollution in Delhi 61 3.10 Public rating of air pollution in Delhi 62 3.11 Modes of transport used by people in Delhi 62 3.12 Rating of public transport facilities across districts 62 3.13 Rating of public transport facilities across localities in Delhi 63 3.14 Assessment of improvements in DTC services 63 3.15 Assessment of Delhi's roads 63 3.16 Assessment of roads by localities 64 3.17 Assessment of improvements in quality of Delhi's roads 64 3.18 People's assessment of neighbourhood roads in Delhi 64 3.19 Assessment of traffic congestion levels in Delhi 64 3.20 Assessment of reduction in traffic congestion levels in Delhi 64 3.21 Rating of access to health services across Delhi's districts 65 3.22 Rating of availability of health services across localities in Delhi 65 3.23 Rating of access to health services in Delhi: Perceptions by income groups66 3.24 Assessment of government health services in Delhi 66 3.25 Assessment of private health services in Delhi 66 3.26 Assessment of improvements in government health services in Delhi 66 3.27 Assessment of improvements in private health services in Delhi 67 3.28 Affordability of private health services in Delhi 67 3.29 Assessment of quality of Delhi's schools across localities 67 3.30 Rating of infrastructural facilities in Delhi's schools 67 3.31 Rating-of access to schools across Delhi's districts 68 3.32 Sources of water supply reported by households in Delhi 68 3.33 Rating of water supply across localities in Delhi 68 3.34 Assessment of improvements in Delhi's water supply 69 3.35 Rating of sanitation and garbage disposal services across localities in Delhi 69 3.36 Rating of sanitation and garbage disposal services across Delhi's districts 69 3.37 Assessment of improvements in garbage disposal in Delhi 69 3.38 Rating of power supply across localities in Delhi 70 3.39 Rating of availability of power in Delhi 70 3.40 Assessment of improvements in power supply in Delhi 70 3-41 Rating of availability of housing in Delhi 70 3.42 Rating of availability of housing across Delhi's districts 71 3.43 Availability of rental accommodation in Delhi 71 3.44 People's perceptions of public: safety in Delhi 71 3.45 Rating of public safety across Delhi's districts 72 3.46 Public safety in Delhi: Perception across income groups 72 3.47 How safe are Delhi's women at the workplace? 72 3.48 Rating of Police services in Delhi 73 3.49 Assessment of Police efforts to ensure safety of women in Delhi 73 BOXES 1.1 Delhi: A Historic City 15 1.2 A Human Development Index for Delhi: How relevant? 16 1.3 How much do Delhi's school children learn? , 26 1.4 Emerging employment opportunities for women in Delhi: Some recent breakthroughs 29 1.5 Working Women's Hostels 30 1.6 Crime in Delhi 31 2.1 Slums in Delhi 46 2.2 Inequities in physical surroundings 47 2.3 The missing space for pedestrians 55 4.1 Responsibilities of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi 78 4.2 MCD's budgetary position 79 4.3 NDMC's budgetary position 80 4.4 The Legislative Assembly 84 4.5 The Police 84 4.6 The Judiciary 85 5.1 The Bhagidari approach 88 5.2 Bhagidari in Action 91 5.3 Bhagidari and nurturing the environment 92 5.4 Making it work: Lessons from the Bhagidari initiative 93 5.5 UN recognition 94 5.6 Identifying the degree of Bhagidari's success 95 5.7 People's suggestions for improving the Rhagidari programme 96 5.8 Awareness about the Right to Information 96 5.9 Need for accelerating administrative reforms 97 6.1 Delhi 2010: The physical transformation 100 6.2 Addressing Delhi's water crisis 103 6.3 What makes Delhi unsafe for women? 105 6.4 Actions needed to address public safety in Delhi 106 6.5 Addressing the needs of Delhi's special and disadvantaged children 108 6.6 Actions needed to promote a child-friendly city 109 6.7 Delhi Development Goals, Targets and Indicators 110