Table of contents
Undertaking
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
1. Background
1.1.Role of Rivers in the Development of Human Civilizations 1
1.2. Urban River: The Most Vulnerable Stretch of River Ecosystem 2
1.3.Increase in Polluted River Stretches Across India: A Brief of Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) Report 2022 3
1.4.Key Hypotheses and Research Question 4
1.5.Summary 5
2. Aims, Objectives and Research Methodology 7
2.1.Aim 7
2.2.Objectives 7
2.3.Scope of Research Project 9
2.4.Limitations of Research Project 10
2.5.Research Methodology 11
3. Literature Review 15
3.1. River Restoration: Background 15
3.2.Global Perspective on River Restoration and Conservation: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 15
3.3.Efforts of Worldwide River Restoration 17
3.4.Policies and Programs of Government of India 22
3.4.1. Brief 22
3.4.2. Review of Legislature and Policy Framework for River Restoration 22
3.4.3. Key Flagship Programs Related to River Restoration: Critical Overview 25
3.4.4. Major Examples of River Restoration in India 28
3.4.5. Condition of Rivers in Major Urban Cities in India 31
3.5.Summary 34
4. Nag River and its Relation to the Growth of Nagpur City 36
4.1.Nagpur’s Urbanization over the Period from Past Centuries 36
4.1.1. Introduction 36
4.1.2. Administrative Set-up 37
4.1.3. Chronological Development from Past to Present (17th-21st Century) 38
4.1.4. Regional Context and Setting 40
4.1.5. Spatial Changes in Past Year (2000-2020) 43
4.1.6. Recent City-wide Development (2016-21 47
4.1.7. Summary 48
4.2.Past Planning Efforts: Identifying Statutory Planning Efforts in Case of Nagpur and Nag River 48
4.2.1. Development Plan 48
4.2.2. Regional Planning 51
4.2.3. Efforts of Planning and Project Implementation for Nag River Pollution Abetment 54
4.2.4. Status of Nag River Pollution Abetment Plan and Project Implementation 54
4.2.5. Summary 55
4.3.Review of Statutory Development Control Regulations 56
4.3.1. Development Control Regulations of Nagpur City (Applicable till 2020 56
4.3.2. Unified Development Control Regulations for Nagpur City (Applicable from 2020) 57
4.3.3. Critical Overview 57
4.4.Status and Condition of Surface Water Resources in Nagpur Metropolitan Region 58
4.4.1. Surface Water Resources in Vicinity of NMR 58
4.4.2. Major Drainage Pattern in NMR 59
4.4.3. Water Quality Assessment (Nag River and Pili River), 2010-11...61
4.4.4. Condition of Nag River (Qualitative Study) over Past Decades 2000- 2020 65
4.4.5. Summary 71
4.5.Status and Condition of Groundwater Resources in Nagpur Metropolitan Region 72
4.5.1. Groundwater Resources Availability in NMR 72
4.5.2. Depth of Water Table in Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon Period 73
4.5.3. Quality of Groundwater in proximity to Nag River 74
4.5.4. Issues and Challenges Related to Groundwater 78
4.6.Assessment of Income-Expenditure Statement in Past Years: Review of Municipal Finance of Nagpur Municipal Corporation 79
4.6.1. Rising Dependency of Municipal Finance on Grants 79
4.6.2. Income-Expenditure Statement 80
4.6.3. Expenditure on Public Health and Sanitation 81
4.7 Summary of spatial and temporal changes over past decades with respect to Nag River 84
5. Existing Situation Study of Nag River and Urban Context85
5.1. Introduction 85
5.2.Transect I- Nag River from Origin (Ambazari Lake) to Dhantoli 87
5.2.1. Part I – Ambazari Lake to Shankar Nagar Square 87
5.2.2. Part II – Shankar Nagar to Dhantoli 89
5.3.Transect II – Dhantoli-Sitabuldi-Mahal- Nandanwan 91
5.3.1. Part III – Dhantoli and Sitabuldi Area 91
5.3.2. Part IV – Sitabuldi, Cotton Market Area, Ganeshpeth and Mahal 94
5.3.3. Part V – Old City Area Mahal (Chitvinispura) 95
5.3.4. Part VI – Nandanwan 97
5.4.Transect III – Urban Fringe -Wathoda Layout and Pardi 99
5.4.1. Part VII- St. Xavier’s High School to Wathoda Layout 101
5.5.Summary 102
6. Assessment of Urban River Management Plan Framework and its Implementation in context of Nag River 104
6.1.Background 104
6.2.Unique Aspect of Nag River: From Findings and Analysis 104
6.3.Urban River Management Plan Framework: A Brief Outline 105
6.4.Rationale, Scope of Intervention and Critics based on URMP’s Objectives Respect to Nag River’s Context: A Review 107
6.5.Critical Overview of URMP Framwwork 110
6.6.Institutional Structure and Key Stakeholder’s Associated with Nag River
Pollution Abetment Program 111
6.7.Stakeholder’s Consultation: Private Stakeholder’s Perspective 111
6.8.Stakeholder’s Consultation: Public Stakeholder’s Perspective 113
6.9. Highlights from the Stakeholder’s Consultation 115
7. Recommendations 118
7.1.Background 118
7.2.Key Problem 120
7.2.1. Understanding Development Cycle and Price Trends in the Context of both Greenfield and Brownfield Developments Key Problems 120
7.2.2. Alternative Statutory Means to Facilitate Supply of Land 122
7.2.3. Town Planning Schemes and Local Area Plans as Micro-planning Tools for River Rejuvenation 124
7.2.4. Challenges in the Implementation of TP/LAP Models in Urban Context 135
7.3.Key Problem II 135
7.3.1. Land as an Asset: The Concept of Land Value Capture 135
7.3.2. Classification of LVC based on Context and Parameters 136
7.3.3. Elements of LVC 137
7.3.4. Urban Context Along Nag River and its Applicability of LVC Tools 139
7.3.5. Challenges in Applicability of LVC Tools 141
7.4.Key Problem III 142
7.4.1. The Concept of Tradable Development Rights 143
7.4.2. Conceptualizing River-based TDR Mechanism 143
7.4.3. Challenges in Making TDR an Effective Element of Compensation in Urban Areas 145
7.5.Recommendations Based on Spatial Hierarchy 146
7.6.Miscellaneous Recommendations 148
7.7.Summary: Interrelationship of Various Spatial Recommendations: The
Ideation of Create, Capture and Compensate: 3C’s Approach 149
8. References 151