Table of contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xii
List of tables x
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Aim & Objective 1
1.3 The objectives to achieve the aim are as follows: 2
1.4 Research Questions 2
1.5 Need to focus on Safe Drinking Water 2
1.6 Methodology and Approach of the Research 3
1.7 Scope 5
1.8 SDGs Interlinkages 5
2. Safe and Equitable Water Services 7
2.1 Basic Definitions 7
2.2 Policies, Schemes and Missions 8
2.2.1 National water Policy, 2020 8
2.2.2 National Rural Drinking Water Programme, 2009 9
2.2.3 Jal Jeevan Mission, 2019 9
2.2.4 Atal Bhujal Yojana, 2019 9
2.2.5 National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and
Surveillance Program, 2006 9
2.3 Water Quality Regulatory Standards and Guidelines 10
2.4 Water Safety Plan 10
2.5 Equity in Water Services 11
2.6 Case Studies 12
3. Conceptual Framework to Assess the Water Safety and Equity 13
4 Site Selection 16
4.1 Gujarat water zones and their Situation 16
4.2 About Banaskantha district 16
4.3 Introduction to Deesa 16
4.3.1 Over-Exploitation of Groundwater in Deesa 18
5 Status of drinking water in the Deesa City 21
5.1 Existing Situation of water service chain (From source-to distribution) .. 21
5.1.1 Water at source 21
5.1.2 Treatment of Water 24
5.1.3 Water storage and Distribution 24
5.1.4 User end scenario 25
a. Accessibility 26
b. Quantity 27
c. Quality 28
d. Social 30
e. Economical 30
5.2 Water governance 32
5.3 Analysing the effect on public health due to poor drinking water 32
5.4 Identified issues 33
6 Action Plan and Phasing 35
6.1 Priority areas of action 38
7 Conclusion 41
References xiii
Annexure 1 xv
Annexure 2 17