Contents
Undertaking i
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of Contents ix
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xv
List of Abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Need of the Study 3
1.3 Aim 3
1.4 Objectives 4
1.5 Research Methodology 4
1.6 Scope of the Study 6
2 Literature Review 7
2.1 What is Blue-Green Infrastructure 7
2.2 Elements of Blue-Green Infrastructure 8
2.3 Benefits of Blue-Green Infrastructure 10
2.3.1 Hydrological Benefits 11
2.3.2 Environmental Benefits 11
2.3.3 Social Benefits 11
2.3.4 Ecological Benefits 12
2.3.5 Land Regeneration 12
2.4 Drivers and Barriers to Blue-Green Infrastructure 12
2.4.1 Technical and Physical 13
2.4.2 Institutional and Governance 13
2.4.3 Socio-Cultural 14
2.4.4 Funding and Markets 14
2.5 Blue-Green Infrastructure in Indian Acts, Missions, and Guidelines 15
2.5.1 Standards, Regulations, and Guidelines for Blue-Green Infrastructure 16
2.5.2 Different Missions and Plans for Blue-Green Infrastructure in India 19
2.6 Case Studies 20
2.6.1 Portland: Grey to Green Infrastructure 21
2.6.2 Copenhagen: The Cloudburst Management Plan 22
2.6.3 Bhopal: Blue-Green Master Plan 23
2.7 Summarising Literature Review 25
3 Assessment of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Ahmedabad 27
3.1 Introduction to Ahmedabad 27
3.2 Stakeholder Mapping 28
3.3 Stakeholder Consultation on Blue-Green Infrastructure 29
3.4 Assessment of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Ahmedabad 31
3.5 Data and Methodology 32
3.6 Assessment of Green Infrastructure 33
3.6.1 Percentage of Green Cover 33
3.6.2 Per Capita Green Cover 41
3.6.3 Accessibility to Parks and Gardens 42
3.7 Assessment of Blue Infrastructure 43
3.7.1 Assessment of Lakes and Ponds 43
3.7.2 Percentage of the Area under Blue Infrastructure 45
3.8 Selection of Zone for Detailed Study 46
4 Zone Level Detailed Assessment of Blue-Green Infrastructure- Northwest Zone 49
4.1 Northwest Zone Profile 49
4.2 Assessment Framework for Detail Analysis 50
4.3 Assessment of Green Infrastructure 50
4.3.1 Parks and Gardens in Northwest Zone 50
4.3.2 Urban Forests in Northwest Zone 53
4.3.3 Green Streets and Traffic Islands in Northwest Zone 54
4.4 Assessment of Blue Infrastructure 56
4.4.1 Condition of Waterbodies in Northwest Zone 56
4.4.2 Disappeared Lakes and Ponds in Northwest Zone 57
4.4.3 Interlinking Network of Lakes and Ponds 60
4.5 Identification of Key Issues 60
5 Strategies to Improve Blue-Green Infrastructure- Northwest Zone 63
5.1 Development of Urban Voids as Green Space 63
5.1.1 Developing Government Plots into Green Space 64
5.2 Enhancing Blue-Green Infrastructure Through TP Scheme Mechanism .66 5.3 Enhancing Green Along Canal 68
5.4 Restoration of Disappeared Lake 69
6 Conclusion 71
References xix
Appendix 1: List of Parks and Gardens in Ahmedabad xxi
Appendix 2: List of Urban Forests in Ahmedabad xxviii
Appendix 3: Ward Wise AMC Estimated Population xxxii