Contents
Undertaking i
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim 2
1.2 Objectives 2
1.3 Scope and Limitations 2
1.4 Research Methodology - Method for each objective 3
1.5 Report Structure 4
2 Literatures Review 5
2.1 Climate Change to Resilience 5
2.1.1 Climate change in cities and its Vulnerability 5
2.1.2 Climate Resilient Infrastructure 7
2.1.3 Blue-Green Path to flood Resilience 8
2.2 Flood Vulnerability and Resilience 10
2.2.1 Resilient City Concepts 11
2.2.2 Disaster Resilient Infrastructure 13
2.2.3 Smart City Projects in Developing Nations 14
2.2.4 Findings from the study 15
3 Study area: Surat City Profile 17
3.1 Overview of Surat 17
3.1.1 Demography 18
3.1.2 Topography 19
3.1.3 Land use & Growth of the City 20
3.1.4 Economic development of Surat 22
3.1.5 Urban flooding in Surat 23
3.2 History of floods in Surat 24
3.2.1 Climatic Scenario 26
3.2.2 Precipitation 27
3.2.3 Rainfall 28
3.2.4 Sea-level Rise 29
3.2.5 Frequency of floods 32
3.2.6 City response to Flood Vulnerability 34
4 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 37
4.1 Climate change Impact on Infrastructure 38
4.2 Physical Infrastructure Risk Assessment 41
4.3 Flood Exposure: Disaster preparedness 51
4.3.1 State of the infrastructure 52
4.3.2 Flood vulnerability & Risk level 53
4.3.3 Effects on Economy: Damages & losses 54
4.4 Institutional Network 55
4.5 Key observation summary 57
5 Strategies to strengthen urban flood resilience in Surat 59
5.1 Priority Sector for Interventions 59
5.2 Gaps & Missing links 60
5.3 Flood Resilience Strategies 64
6 Conclusions 71
6.1 Major Findings 71
6.2 Way forward 72
References xiii