Contents
Undertaking v
Certificate vii
Acknowledgements ix
Abstract xi
Table of contents xiii
List of figures xvii
List of tables xix
Abbreviations xxi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Aim and objectives 2
1.3 Methodology 2
1.4 Scope 3
1.5 SDG interlinkages 4
1.6 Current plastic waste and EPR scenario in Gujarat 5
2 Regulatory framework, guidelines and EPR models 7
2.1 Regulatory and institutional framework 7
2.1.1 SWM Rules, 2000 7
2.1.2 SWM rules 2016 8
2.1.3 PWM Rules, 2016 8
2.1.4 Guidelines for management and transportation of plastic waste 10 2.1.5 Public health byelaws of Surat , 2018 10
2.2 Global models for EPR implementation 10
2.3 National models for extended producer responsibility implementation ...11
2.3.1 Fees based model 12
2.3.2 Producer responsibilities organization model 12
2.3.3 PRO based model (PRO as a management agency) 13
2.3.4 Waste Management Agency Model 14
2.3.5 Buy back model 15
2.3.6 Deposit refund model 16
3 Existing situation of PWM in city, action gaps, and issues 19
3.1 Current EPR model in Surat city 19
3.2 Mass balance diagram for plastic waste in Surat 20
3.3 Generation and at-source segregation of plastic waste in Surat 21
3.4 Collection of plastic waste 23
3.5 Manual segregation of waste at processing plant and refuse transfer station 24
3.6 Processing of plastic waste 26
3.7 Challenges in extended producer responsibility implementation and plastic waste management. 27
4 Strategies, proposals, and recommendations 29
4.1 Engagement of informal value chain 29
4.1.1 Involvement of informal waste pickers at RTS/MRF 31
4.1.2 Engagement of pithawalas for purchasing the waste directly 34
4.1.3 Engagement of unregistered recyclers 36
4.2 Segregation strategy for waste generators 37
4.2.1 Step 1 of source segregation strategy: 38
4.2.2 Step 2 of source segregation strategy 39
4.2.3 Incentives for source segregation of plastic waste 39
4.3 Institutionalization of recycled product 40
5 Costing, revenue generation and option analysis 43

5.1 Direct engagement with waste pickers and pithawalas 43
5.2 Direct engagement with pithawalas and indirect engagement with waste pickers, after waste is sold by waste pickers to pithawalas 45
5.3 Option analysis 47
5.4 Revenue generation 47
6 Institutional matrix for interventions 51
7 Recommendations and Conclusion 53
7.1 Recommendations 53
7.2 Conclusion 53
References xxiii
Appendix 1: Cost of purchasing 86 TPD waste from waste pickers at current prices xxv
Appendix 2: Cost of purchasing 143 TPD waste from informal waste workers at current prices xxvi
Appendix 3: Cost of source segregation strategy xxvii
Appendix 4: Cost of incentives for source segregation xxviii