Content
Undertaking vii
Certificate ix
Acknowledgments xi
Abstract xiii
Table of Content xv
List of Figures xviii
List of Tables xx
Abbreviations xxii
1. Introduction 01
1.1 Background of the Study: 01
1.2 Need for Research: 02
1.3 Aim: 03
1.4 Objectives: 03
1.5 Research Methodology: 04
1.6 Scope & Limitations: 05
1.7 Selection of Case Cities: 06
1.7.1 Municipal Performance Index 06
1.7.2 Case Cities 06
2. Literature Review 08
2.1 Urbanization in India: 08
2.2 Municipal Governance: 09
2.3 Municipal Services & Finance: 11
2.4 Municipal Budgets: 14
3. Trends in Municipal Budgets of Case Cities 16
3.1 Bhopal City 16
3.1.2 Demography 17
3.1.3 City Governance: Bhopal Nagar Nigam 17
3.2 Jaipur City 20
3.2.1 Demography 20
3.2.2 City Governance: Jaipur Nagar Nigam 20
3.3 Lucknow City 23
3.3.1 Demography 23
3.3.2 City Governance: Lucknow Nagar Nigam 24
3.4 Functions Followed by Municipal Corporations 26
3.5 Heads Available in Municipal Budgets 27
4. Comparative Analysis of Municipal Budgets 28
4.1 Overall Budget Per Capita 28
4.1.2 Infrastructure Budget VS Overall Budget 28
4.2 Infrastructure Related Budget Heads 29
4.2.1 Infrastructure Budget Per Capita 29
4.2.2 Social Infrastructure Budget VS Overall Infrastructure Budget 30
4.2.3 Physical Infrastructure Budget VS Overall Infrastructure Budget 31
4.3 Infrastructure Schemes in Budget 31
4.3.1 JNNURM Budget VS Overall Budget 31
4.3.2 SBM Budget VS Overall Budget 32
4.3.3 AMRUT Budget VS Overall Budget 32
4.2.4 Dependency Funding From Other Sources for Infrastructure Services 33
4.3 Municipal Revenue Income Deficit & Surplus 34
4.4 Municipal Revenue Income Breakups 35
4.5 City-Wise Inferences 36
4.5.1 Bhopal 36
4.5.2 Jaipur 36
4.5.3 Lucknow 36
4.6 Conclusion from Analysis 36
4.7 Analysis and Municipal Performance Index 37
5. Recommendations: Strengthen Municipal Finance 38
5.1 Fiscal Autonomy 38
5.1.1 Formula based Sharing of Taxes 38
5.1.2 User Charges 39
5.1.3 Municipal Tax List 39
5.1.4 Fees for Infrastructure Services 39
5.2 Fiscal Monitoring Framework 40
5.3 Professional Governance & Less Interference 40
5.4 Land Based Taxes 40
5.5 Urban Infrastructure & Financing 40
References 42
Annexure 44
Research Matrix
Questionnaire 44