Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
l. General Concepts of Building Design 1
The Development of the Vertical Building Structure
Technical Considerations I The Evolution of the
Skyscraper The Development of the Reinforced Concrete
High-rise Building
General Architectural Design Considerations 16
Geometrical Organizers 19
Environmental Context 31
Functional Organizers 40
Mechanical and Electrical Systems 58
HVAC Systems Plumbing Systems I Electrical
Distribution Building Organization
Fire Safety 69
2. Concepts of Structure and Construction 79
Structural Organizers 79
Introduction to Buildings as Support Structures I Basic
Concepts of Structural Language I High-rise Structure
Systems Building Loads I Force Flow I Introduction
to the Behavior of Building Structures, I The
Building Response to Force Action I The Effect of
Building Height
Construction 118
Erection Equipment and Scaffolding I Conventional
Construction Methods I Industrialized Construction
I Special Construction Techniques
Foundation Systems 13 5
Shallow Foundations I Deep Foundations Choosing
a Foundation System
3. Loads and Force Flow I 157
Dead and Live Loads 159
Distribution of Gravity Loads: Load Flow
Construction Loads 169
Dynamic Loads 170
Wind Loads 184
Seismic Loads 193
Lateral Distribution of Base Shear I Some Additional
Code Requirements
Hidden Loads 212
Water and Earth Pressure Loads 231
Load Combinations 233
Abnormal Loads and Structural Safety 237
4. Approximate Design of Beams and Columns 251
Concrete Beams 252
Concrete Wall Beams 264
Steel Beams 266
Composite Beams I 269
Steel Plate Girders 271
Prestressed Concrete Beams I 273
Columns 285
Steel Columns Concrete Columns
Tension Members 296
Single Structural Shapes and Built-up Members I
Round and Square Rods and Flat Bars I Cables (Wire
Ropes and Bridge Strands)
5. The Vertical and Horizontal Building Planes 301
The Distribution of Lateral Forces to the Vertical Resisting Structures 301
Statically Determinate Conditions I Statically Determinate
Conditions due to Symmetry I Indeterminate
Force Distribution for Conditions of Symmetry Torszon
Floor Diaphragms 318
Floor Framing Systems 321
Ceilings 330
Reinforced Concrete Slab Systems 331
One-Way Solid Slabs I Precast Concrete Slabs Joist
Floor I Composite One-Way Slab Systems I Two-Way
Slabs I Post-Tensioned Slabs I Stair Slabs
6. Wall Structures 367
Curtain Walls 370
The Function of the Exterior Wall I Installation
Methods The Curtain Wall as Structure
Partition Walls 388
Masonry Walls 389
Masonry Wall Types I Exterior Non-load bearing
Walls / Bearing Walls I Shear Walls/bridging the
Wall Opening
Reinforced Concrete Walls 4 31
Load-bearing Frame Walls 438
Steel-Plate Shear Walls 438
7. Building Structure Systems 445
Bearing-Wall Structures 448
Core Structures 452
Bridge Structures 461
Suspension Buildings 464
Skeleton Buildings 471
Approximate Design of Frames/Approximate Lateral
Defiection of Rigid Frames
Flat Slab Buildings 500
Interstitial Structures 501
Staggered Wall-Beam Structures 505
Braced Frame Structures 510
Frame-Shear Wall Interaction 522
Shear Walls with Outriggers 533
Tubular Structures 538
Perforated Shell Tubes-Framed Tubes/Braced
Tubes/Tube-in-Tube/Bundled Tubes/Interior
Braced Tube/Partial Tubes/Hybrid Tubes
Megastructures 559
Composite and Mixed Steel-Concrete Buildings 567
Composite Members I Composite Building Structure
Systems/Mixed Steel-Concrete Building Construction
Systems
Hybrid Structures 573
Unconventional Building Structures 577
8. Other Vertical, Architecture Related Structures 589
Towers I 589
Underground Structures 598
Offshore Architecture 602
Star scrapers 610
Appendix A: Tables for Structural Design 615
Appendix B: List of Buildings in Figures 625
Appendix C: Answers to Selected Problems 641
Bibliography and References 643
Index 649