Contents
Section 1- GROWN
Softwood
Red Cedar (Juniperus spp.) 14
Pine (Pinus sylvestris) 16
Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 18
Poplar (Populus spp.) 20
Yew (Taxus baccata) 22
Hardwood
European Lime (Tilia x europaea) 24
Oak (Quercus) 26
European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) 28
Rock Maple (Acer saccharum) 30
Teak (Tectona grandis) 32
European Walnut (Jug/ans regia) 34
European Birch (Betula pendula) 36
European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) 38
Aspen (Populus tremuloides) 40
Willow (Salix spp.) 42
Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) 44
Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) 46
Hickory (Carya spp) 48
Fibre
Coconut Fibres (Cocod nucifera) 50
Tree Bark 52
Horsehair 54
Cellulose 56
Silk 58
Bacterial Cellulose 60
Animal
Bovine Leather 62
Fish Leather 64
Fish Scales 66
Protein 70
Plant
Algae 68
Cork 72
Bamboo (Bambusoideae) 74
Rattan (Calamus rotang) 76
Hemp 78
Wheat Straw 80
Carrot Fibres 82
Mycelium 84
Sugarcane 86
Orange Peel 88
PLA (Polylactic Acid) 90
Castor Oil 92
Latex 94
Section 2 - OIL-BASED
Engineering Polymers
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) 98
ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate) 100
CA (Cellulose Acetate) 102
EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) 104
Ionomer Resins 106
Liquid Crystal Polymers 108
Melamine Formaldehyde 110
PA (Polyamide) 112
PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate) 114
PC (Polycarbonate) 116
PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) 118
PF (Phenol-formaldehyde) 120
PCL (Polycaprolactones) 122
POM (Polyoxymethylene) 124
PPSU (Polyphenylsulphone) 126
PS (Polystyrene) 128
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) 130
Silicone 132
SMMA (Styrene Methyl Methacrylate) 134
TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomers) 136
UF (Urea Formaldehyde) 138
Commodity Polymers
EPP (Expanded Polypropylene Foam) 140
EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) 142
PE (Polyethylene) 144
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) 146
PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate) 148
PP (Polypropylene) 150
PUR (Polyurethanes) 152
PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) 154
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) 156
Section 3 – MINED
Metal: Non Ferrous
Gold 160
Silver 162
Platinum 164
Brass & Bronze 166
Copper 168
Chromium 170
Pewter 172
Aluminium 174
Magnesium Alloys 176
Tungsten 178
Tin 180
Titanium 182
Neodymium 184
Nickel 186
Zinc 188
Carbon Fibre 190
Graphite 192
Metal: Ferrous
Iron 194
Molybdenum 196
Stainless Steel 198
Steel 200
Traditional Ceramics
Bone China 202
Porcelain 204
Earthenware 206
Stoneware 208
Terracotta 210
Cement 212
Granite 214
Marble 216
Glass Ceramics 218
Advanced Ceramics
Aluminium Oxide 220
Silicon Carbide 222
Boron Carbide 224
Silicon Dioxide 226
Silicon Nitride 228
Zirconium Oxide 230
Glass
Soda-lime Glass 232
Borosilicate 234
Lead Glass 236
Aluminosilicate Glass 238
Quartz Piezoelectrics 240
Glossary 242
Resources 246
Index 249
Picture Credits 255
Acknowledgments 256