Contents
Certificate of original authorship i
Certificate of Dissertation Advisor’s consent iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
List of figures ix
List of tables 2
1 INTRODUCTION 4
1.1 Background 4
1.2 Future Trends of Urbanization 5
1.2.1 Urbanisation Across the World 5
1.2.2 Across India 6
1.3 URBAN HEAT ISLAND 7
1.4 Definition of Urban Heat Island 7
1.5 How do Heat Islands form? 7
1.6 Causes of Urban Heat Island 8
1.7 Are Heat Islands and Climate change related? 9
1.8 Effects of Urban Heat Island 9
1.8.1 Increased Energy Consumption 9
1.8.2 Air Pollution and Greenhouse Emissions 10
1.8.3 Discomfort and Danger to Human Health 10
1.9 Types of Urban Heat Island 10
1.10 Aim, Objectives, and Methodology 11
2 LITERATURE STUDY 13
2.1 Objectives of Literature Study 13
2.2 Urban Heat Islands study: Current Status in India 13
2.3 Research Paper 01: 13
2.4 Research Paper 02: 14
2.5 Research Paper 03: 16
2.6 Research Papers Referred 17
3 STUDY AREA 18
3.1 The Climatic Condition of Study Area 19
3.2 Development Potentials 19
3.3 Data Collection 19
3.4 Data Pre-Processing 20
4 ANALYSIS 21
4.1 Land Use Land Cover Classification 21
4.2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 22
4.3 Land Surface Temperature Calculation 23
4.4 Land Surface Temperature Maps 24
4.5 Correlation Analysis 25
4.6 Hotspot-Cold-spot Analysis 26
4.7 Grid Analysis 27
4.7.1 Grid Level LULC Classification 27
4.7.2 Grid Level Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 28
4.7.3 Grid Level Land Surface Temperature 28
4.8 What is Air Quality Index? 28
4.8.1 Location of Monitoring Stations in Ahmedabad 29
4.8.2 Interpolation of the Air Quality Data 29
4.8.3 Air Quality Statistics of the Monitoring Stations 30
4.8.4 Air Quality Statistics 31
4.8.5 Areas having high-Low AQ 32
4.9 Micro-Level Analysis 33
4.9.1 Grids with high and low Land Surface Temperature 33
4.9.2 Existing Land-use of the Selected Areas 34
4.9.3 Micro-Level Analysis 35
4.9.4 Temperature variations according to Land Use 38
4.9.5 Guidelines for Town Planning Schemes 39
4.9.6 Suggestive Measures 40
5 Conclusion 41
6 References 42
Appendix 1: XYZ xii
Appendix 2: XYZ xiv