Contents
PREFACE ix
PART I: DESIGN PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION 3
PLANES 4
LINES 6
POINTS 8
FORMAL COMPOSITIONS 10
Translation 11
Rotation 12
Reflection 13
Dilation 13
INFORMAL COMPOSITIONS 14
Gravity 15
Contrast 16
Rhythm 17
Center of Interest 18
SPACE 19
The Illusion of Depth in Space 20
The Illusion of Volume in Space 21
PART II : COLOR PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION 25
BLACK AND WHITE 26
Flat Tones with Black and White 27
Tonal Transitions with Black and White 28
NEUTRAL COLORS 29
Specific Keys of Neutral Colors 31
CHROMATIC COLORS 33
VALUE 35
The Manipulation of Value 36
Value Gradations with Maximum Chroma 37
Value Gradations with Minimum Chroma 38
CHROMA 39
The Manipulation of Chroma 40
Chroma Gradations with No Shift in Value 41
Chroma Gradations with Two Hues 41
HUE 43
The Six-hue Color Circle 44
Hue Gradations with Maintenance of Chroma 45
Hue Gradations with Chroma Changes 46
THE COLOR SOLID 47
COMPLEMENTARY HUES 50
COLOR HARMONY 51
Hue Harmony 51
Value Harmony 52
Chroma Harmony 52
SIMULTANEOUS CONTRAST 53
The Change of Hue in Simultaneous Contrast 53
The Change of Value in Simultaneous Contrast 54
The Change of Chroma in Simultaneous Contrast 54
RE-EXAMINING THE COLOR CIRCLE 55
PART Ill : COLOR DESIGN
INTRODUCTION 59
Tools and Materials 59
List of Essential Colors 60
DESIGNS WITH VALUE GRADATIONS 61
Points as Lines in Value Gradations 62
Points as Planes in Value Gradations 62
DESIGNS WITH CHROMA GRADATIONS 65
Lines as Bands in Chroma Gradations
Shapes as Patterns in Chroma Gradations 66
DESIGNS WITH HUE GRADATIONS 69
Lines in Hue Gradations 70
Lines and Planes in Hue Gradations 70
DESIGNS WITH HUE MIXTURES 73
Warm/Cool Sensations Generated by Hues 73
Overlapping Planes in Hue Gradations 74
DESIGNS WITH COMPLEMENTARY
HUES 77
Split-Complementary Hues 77
Illusory Volumes Created with Complementary Hues 78
Creating Patterns with Complementary Hues 78
Complementary Hues with Hue Gradations 81
Complementary Hues with Value Gradations 81
Complementary Hues with Chroma Gradations 82
DESIGNS WITH UNRELATED HUES 85
Flat Planes of Unrelated Hues 86
Unrelated Hues with a Dominant Tint 86
DEVELOPING A COLOR SCHEME 89
A Color Scheme with Analogous Hues 90
A Color Scheme with Complementary Hues 90
A Color Scheme with Unrelated Hues 93
The Control of Value and Chroma in a Color Scheme 93
In Search of a Color Scheme 94
PART IV: DIGITAL COLORS
INTRODUCTION 101
COLOR LIGHTS 102
The Primary Color Lights 1 03
The Additive Process of Color Mixing 104
The Subtractive Process of Color Mixing 1 05
DISPLAY OF COLORS AND IMAGES 107
Pixel Depth 1 08
Types of Images 109
PAINTING ON THE COMPUTER 111
Spraying, Filling and Erasing 112
Selecting, Lassoing and Duplicating 114
Marqueeing and Masking 116
Antialiasing and Feathering 117
DRAWING ON THE COMPUTER 119
Originating Type 121
Manipulating of Shapes and Elements 123
Duplicating Shapes and Movements 127
Tiled Patterns 129
Blending Lines, Shapes and Colors 131
Creating Gradients with Blends 133
Gradient Fills 135
COLOR PALETTES 137
Picking or Creating a Color 138
The RGB Mode 139
The CMYK Mode 141
The HLS Mode 143
PRINTING THE COLORS 145
Specifying Colors in Eight-digit Codes 146
PART V : COLOR EXPRESSION
INTRODUCTION 149
Monochromatic Color Sets 150
Color Sets with Blending Different Hues 152
COLOR GUIDES 158
The Red Family 159
The Orange Family 163
The Yellow Family 167
The Green Family 171
The Blue Family 175
The Purple Family 179
The High Key Colors 183
The Intermediate Colors 185
The Low Key Colors 187
The Earth Colors 189
The Near-neutrals 191
Incorporating Blacks, Whites and Grays 193
USING THE COLOR GUIDES 196
Varying Values, Hues and Chromas 199
Using Type in Black, White or Color 201
Adding Outlines 203