Contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.1.1 History and Significance 2
1.1.2 Challenges of Built Heritage Conservation in India 5
1.1.3 Material Conservation Philosophy 8
1.1.4 Sustenance- Bridging the gap 9
1.2 Chettinad Mansions- as a Pilot Study 10
1.2.1 Introduction 10
1.2.2 Significance of Cast Iron in Chettinad Houses 13
1.2.3 Chettinad houses - Current status 14
1.3 Research Framework 15
1.3.1 Rationale for study 15
1.3.2 Aim 16
1.3.3 Objective 17
1.3.4 Research Questions 17
1.3.5 Scope and Limitations 17
1.3.6 Methodology 18
1.3.7 Process 18
1.3.8 Expected Outcomes 20
2. Cast Iron- Understanding the Material 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.1.1 Extraction 22
2.1.2 Smelting 22
2.2 Manufacturing of Cast Iron 23
2.2.1 Traditional Method of Sand Casting 24
2.3 Properties 28
3. Assessment and Pathology of Defects 31
3.1 Assessing Cast Ironwork 31
3.1.1 Elements 32
3.2 Pathology of Defects in Cast Iron 33
3.2.1 Causes of Defects- Broader Causes 33
3.2.2 Glossary of Defects 39
4. Treatment Methods and Principles 43
4.1 Treatment Methods 43
4.1.1 Cleaning 43
4.1.2 Repair Techniques 48
4.1.3 Replacement 51
4.1.4 Maintenance Tools/Methods 54
4.2 Principles 57
4.2.1 Core Principles 57
4.3 Application in World Context: Case studies 57
4.3.1 Lion’s Den, Oldham 58
4.3.2 No.37, Bedford Square, London 61
5. Chettinad- Sample Survey 65
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Inventory of Elements 65
5.3 Analysis Framework 77
5.3.1 Learnings from case of George Town, Malaysia and Shahjanabad 77
5.3.2 Analysis Framework 77
5.4 Resource Mapping 79
5.5 Treatment Methods- Analysis 80
5.6 Chettinad - Case Studies 88
5.6.1 Case Study 1: Gate of P.L.V.N.N House 88
5.6.2 Case Study 2: Staircase of S.R.M.M.A.M House 89
5.6.3 Case Study 3: Column of S.A.R.M. House 90
5.6.4 Case Study 4: Compound Wall Railing of S.R.M.M.A.M House 91
5.6.5 Case Study 5: Roof Ridge and Railing of S.A.R.M. House 92
5.6.6 Hypothetical Conditions 93
6. Toolbox 94
6.1 Toolbox for Chettinad 94
6.2 Conclusion 129
6.2.1 Workability in the local context 129
6.2.2 Way Forward 129
References 130
Appendices 134
Appendix 1: Bibliography 134
Appendix 2: Expert Interviews 136
Appendix 3: Market Survey 146
Appendix 4: IS 210 (2009): Grey Iron Castings 153
Appendix 5: Snippets- Site Visit and Interviews 153
Appendix 6: DRP- Time Schedule 155