Contents
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I -INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Problem Statement 1
1.2 Research Aim 1
1.3 Objectives of the Study 1
1.4 Methodology 1
1.4.1 Literature study and theoretical framework 2
1.4.2 Site Selection 2
1.4.3 Identifying the community living in the informal settlements and the vulnerable
settlements . 2
1.4.4Carrying out the vulnerability assessment and the adaptive capacity measures by
determining the floods effects. . 3
1.4.5 Giving recommendations for the removal of the vulnerabilities and discussing the role of
institutions in building the coping mechanism for the vulnerable groups . 4
1.5 Scope 4
1.6 Limitations 4
CHAPTER II - LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Background Study 5
2.2 Climate change 5
2.3 Theoretical Framework of Vulnerability Assessment 6
2.3.1 Vulnerability . 6
2.3.2Exposure . 6
2.3.3Risk . 6
2.4 Vulnerability assessment and mitigation 8
2.4.1 Risk assessment. 8
2.4.2 Risk management 8
2.5 Vulnerable informal groups of the society 8
2.6 International Case Studies . 9
2.6.1 Coastal City of Mombasa, Kenya 9
2.6.2 Kulik river basin, Indo-Bangladesh Barind region 10
2.6.3 Ingolstadt, South Germany 11
2.7 Comparative analysis between Frequency Model and Vulnerability Index methods 12
2.8 International Flood impacted cities with their coping mechanism 13
2.9 Case Studies from India 14
2.9.1 Case of Kolkata Floods 14
2.9.2 Case of Kerala Floods 14
2.9.3 Case of Chennai Floods 14
2.10 Key Learnings from the Literature Study 15
2.11 Summary and Gaps . 16
CHAPTER III- IDENTIFICATION OF THE VULNERABLE SETTLEMNETS 17
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Vadodara - City at glance 18
3.3 Physiology of the city 18
3.3.1 Vishwamitri river 18
3.3.2 Ajwa Dam . 19
3.3.3 Pratap Pura Sarovar 19
3.4 Floods Disaster in the city 20
3.4.1 Floods in 2019 21
3.4.2 Impact of floods . 22
3.5 Digital Elevation Modelling 22
3.5.1 Contour Profile 22
3.6 Demarcation of informal settlements 24
3.6.1 Types of Houses in Informal Settlements . 25
3.7 Super imposition of the informal settlements on the elevation map 26
3.8 Vulnerable settlements of the city 27
3.9 Selection of the samples of settlements for the survey conducted 30
3.10 Respondents Analysis . 32
3.11 CONCLUSION 34
CHAPTER IV-ASSESSING VULNERABILITY OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS DURING
URBAN FLOODING 2019 35
4.1 Introduction 35
4.2 Identification of vulnerability indicators and their variables 36
4.3 Criteria of selection of the affected settlements . 37
4.4 Exposure 39
4.5 Vulnerability assessment . 40
4.5.1 Physical Vulnerability 40
4.5.2 Social Vulnerability . 47
4.5.3 Economic Vulnerability 50
4.6 CONCLUSION 54
CHAPTER V- ADAPTIVE CAPACITY AND COPING MECHANISM 56
5.1 Introduction 56
5.2 Adaptive Capacity 56
5.3 Coping Mechanism . 61
5.4 CONCLUSION 63
5.4.1 Adaptive Capacity 63
5.4.2 Support Mechanism during Flood episode63
5.4.3 Coping Mechanism 63
CHAPTER VI- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 65
6.1 Physical Vulnerability 65
Key learnings 65
Findings 65
6.2 Social Vulnerability 66
Key learnings 66
Findings 66
6.3 Economic Vulnerability 66
Key learnings . 66
Findings . 66
6.4 Adaptive Capacity and Coping mechanism 67
Key Learnings 67
Findings . 67
6.5 Recommendation 68
6.5.1 Eradicating Physical Vulnerability 68
6.5.2 Improving Economic Vulnerability 70
Bibliography . 71
APPENDIX I 74
APPENDIX II . 78
CASE STUDIES 78
Kulik river basin, Indo-Bangladesh Barind region 78
Ingolstadt, South Germany 79