Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 The rationale of the Research 3
1.3 Research Question 3
1.4 Aim ..3
1.5 Objectives 4
1.6 Methodology 4
1.6.1 Detailed Methodology 6
1.7 Scope 8
1.8 Limitation 8
2 Slum improvement programme good practices 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Analysis from the case studies 11
3 Understanding Housing Programmes in recent years 13
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission 14
3.2.1 Introduction to JNNURM 14
3.2.2 The programme structure of JNNURM 14
3.2.3 Implementation Approach of JNNURM 15
3.2.4 The funding pattern of JNNURM 15
3.2.5 Overall performance of JNNURM at the national level 16
3.3 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) 17
3.3.1 Introduction to RAY 17
3.3.2 The programme structure of RAY 18
3.3.3 Implementation Approach of RAY 19
3.3.4 Types of assistance provided under RAY 20
3.3.5 Financial assistance provision 21
3.3.6 Overall performance of RAY at the national level 22
3.4 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) 24
3.4.1 Introduction to PMAY 24
3.4.2 Components of PMAY 25
3.4.3 Implementation Process 27
3.4.4 Performance of PMAY at national Level 27
4 Understanding the Housing scenario in Kerala 29
4.1 State Profile: Kerala 29
4.1.1 Introduction 29
4.1.2 Evolution of Housing Schemes in the state 30
4.2 Present Scenario of Housing Schemes in the state 35
4.2.1 Housing Scenario in the state - Introduction 35
4.2.2 JNNURM in Kerala 35
4.2.3 RAY in Kerala 36
4.2.4 PMAY (Pradhan Matri Awas Yojana) in Kerala 38
4.2.5 LIFE Mission 39
4.3 Present Scenario of Housing Schemes in Kochi city 40
4.3.1 Introduction 40
4.3.2 Performance of recent housing interventions in the city 40
5 Slum Redevelopment project Thuruthy, Kochi 43
5.1 Profile of Kochi City 43
5.1.1 Introduction 43
5.1.2 Brief History of Fort Kochi 44
5.1.3 Slum profile of Kochi 45
5.2 The Slum Rehabilitation Project at Thuruthy: Project Description 45
5.2.1 Introduction 45
5.2.2 Location 46
5.2.3 Demographic profile 47
5.2.4 Socio-economic profile 48
5.2.5 Physical Infrastructure 49
5.2.6 Implementation Process 50
5.3 Present scenario of the RAY project 51
5.3.1 Progress of the RAY project 51
5.3.2 Implementation Level Issues 53
5.3.3 Involvement of NGO in Project 58
5.4 Integration of the RAY programme in recent housing interventions 60
5.4.1 Integration with PMAY: 60
5.4.2 Integration with LIFE: 61
5.5 Progress of delivery of services to the beneficiaries under the RAY programme 61
5.5.1 Household Survey: Sampling 61
5.5.2 Physical Infrastructure 63
5.5.3 Socio-economic condition 69
5.5.4 Social infrastructure 77
6 Analysis and Schematic strategies 80
6.1 Overall Analysis 80
6.2 Schematic strategies to improve the existing scenario of the slum settlement ..81
7 Conclusion ..83
References ....84
Appendix 1: Questionnaire- Household Survey 86