Contents
Undertaking iii
Certificate . iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xiii
List of tables xx
1 Introduction to the dissertation 22
1.1 Introduction to the research topic 22
1.2 Aim of the Research 23
1.3 Objectives 23
1.4 Scope and Limitations 24
1.5 Research design and methodology 24
2 Historical background of Calcutta, Scots and the Scottish Cemetery 28
2.1 The Founding of Calcutta . 28
2.2 Development of Colonial Calcutta 28
2.3 Scotland and the British Empire 34
2.4 Scots in Calcutta 34
2.5 History of Scottish Graveyards in Scotland . 35
3 Degeneration of the Park Street after Independence 39
3.1 History of the Park Street,Calcutta up to Independence 39
3.2 Changes in Population due to immigrants and refugees 42
3.3 The cemeteries of Park Street before Independence 43
3.4 Changes in Park Street ... 45
3.5 Changes in the cemeteries of Park Street 45 x
3.6 The development of the cemeteries in the Park Street area . 50
4 Overview of the Scottish Cemetery project 54
4.1 Introduction to the Scottish Cemetry site 54
4.2 Graves of the Scottish Cemetery 55
4.3 Introduction to the Scottish Cemetery Project. 56
4.3.1 Year 2008, First Stage. 57
4.3.2 Year 2009, Second Stage 58
4.3.3 Year 2010, Third Stage 59
4.3.4 Year 2011, Fourth Stage 59
4.3.5 Year 2012 - 2014, Fifth Stage 60
4.3.6 Year 2015 and 2016 , Sixth Stage. 66
4.3.7 Year 2017 - 2018 , Seventh Stage. 69
4.3.8 Year 2018 - 2019, Eight Stage. 71
4.3.9 Year 2019 and 2020, Ninth Stage 74
4.4 Issues of sustainability faced by the Scotiish Cemetery site 76
4.5 Impact study of the Scotiish Cemetery project 78
4.5.1 Output of the house to house survey . 84
4.5.2 SWAT analysis of the Scottish Cemetery project . 86
4.5.3 Stakeholder interest level 87
4.6 Outcome of the Scottish Cemetery project 88
4.7 Issues of the Scottish Cemetery Project in the year 2020,Kolkata 89
4.8 Issues the Scottish Cemetery project has to tackle in the coming years 92
5 Case Study 95
5.1 Case Study on Nizamuddin Basti Urban Renewal Project 95
5.1.1 History of the Site 95
5.1.2 The Nizamuddin Basti Urban Renewal Project 95
5.1.3 Different sectors of the project 97
5.1.4 Approaches taken to make the project Sustainable 105
5.1.5 Impact of the Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Project 111
5.1.6 Status of the Project 112
5.1.7 Lessons from the Nizamuddin basti urban renewal case study 113
5.2 Case Study on Calcutta Heritage Alliance Project 114
5.2.1 History of the Site 114
5.2.2 Downfall of the area 115
5.2.3 Present condition of the China town 116
5.2.4 Project proposal 119
5.2.5 Project phases120
5.2.6 Approaches planned to be taken to make the project Sustainable 123
5.2.7 Status of the project: ... 124
5.2.8 Lessons from the Cha Project case study125
5.3 Case study on South Park Street Cemetery, Kolkata 126
5.3.1 History of South Park street cemetery 126
5.3.2 The project 127
5.3.3 Different segments of the project 127
5.3.4 Status of the project 128
5.3.5 Lessons from the South Park Cemetery case study . 134
5.4 Comparative analysis of the case studies 135
6 Conclusion 137
7 References 142
Appendix 1: House to house interviews.and interviews with stakeholders. 148
Appendix 2: Survey Map for refering to street views154