CONTENTS ( Figures jn brackets denote page numbers ) PAGES PREFACE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-!V MAP .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Frontis piece PART I CHAPTER I-GENERAL.... ...... ..1--9 Origin of the name of the District (t); Area and Population (1); Administrative History (2); Territorial Changes (4); Administrative Divisions (5); Physical Features (6); Configuration (6); Hills (8); River System and Water Resources (11); Geology (21); Flora (30); Forests (30); Medicinal Plants (42); Fauna (47); Wild Animals (47); Birds (49); Snakes (68); Fish (71); Climate (73); Temperature (74); Rainfall (75); Annexure-Territorial changes in the Banas-kantha district (86). PART IT CHAPTER II-HISTORY.. ...... .... 93--151 Pre-history (93); Early History (93); Chaulukya Period (95); Medieval Period (99); Legislative Assembly (108); Separation of Judiciary from Executive (109); The RadhanpurStalc(110);Danta State(119);The Tharad State (124); The Vav State 028); The Kankrej Thana (130); The Santalpur Thana (131); Chatlchat (132); Varahi (134); British Period (142); Attachment Scheme (145), Freedom Movement (146); The Palanpur Agency (148); The Banaskantha Agency (149); The Sabarkantha Agency and Period upto 1947 (150). PART III CHAPTER III-PEOPLE .. ...... .... 153--256 Population : Growth of Population (153); Displaced Persons (161); Birth Place and Migration (161); Sex-ratio (162); Marilal Status (163); Language (164); Religion (170); Castes : Hindus (177); The Scheduled Castes (189); The Sche-duled Tribes (194); Muslims (201); Social life-Manners and Customs-Hindu (213); Manners and Customs-Muslim (219); Property and Inheritance (222); Joint Family (223);Homelife-Housing (224); Layout of Towns and Villages (225); Furniture and Decoration (227); Food, Dress and Ornaments (228); Communal Life (229); Public Games and Recreation (231); Calendar-Hindu (232); The Jain (232); The Muslim (233); Festivals : Hindu (233); Jain (234); Muslim (235); Pilgrim Places (235); Fairs (236); The New Trends (237); Statements (240). PART IV-ECONOMIC ORGANISATION CHAPTER IV-AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION .. .... 257-307 Land Utilisation (258); Irrigation (259); Soils(268); Cropping Pattern (270); Crop Calendar (281); Progress of Scientific Agriculture (282); Seeds (284); Manures and Fertilizers (284); Agricultural Pests and Diseases (285); Research Activities (286); Animal Husbandry (288); Fisheries (296); Forests (298); State Assistance to Agriculture (300); Famines and Scarcity (302);Floods (307). ii CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER V-INDUSTRIES .. .. .. .. .. .. 309--357 Old-time Industries (309); Power (310); Industries and Manufactures (313); Industrial Structure (317); Industrial Establishments (321); The Trends of Industrial Development (322); Large-Scale Factories (323); Small-Scale and Cottage Industries (325); Industrial Estates (327); Industrial Arts (328) ; Industrial Potential and Plans for Future Development (334); Welfare of Industrial Labour (347). CHAPTER VI-BANKING, TRADE AND COMMERCE .. .. 359-399 A-Banking and Finance .- Money-lenders (359); Agricultural Indebtedness (361); Joint Stock Banks (364); Co-operative Credit Societies (367); Insurance (371); Small Savings (372); Private and Public Limited Companies (373) ; Financial Assistance to Industries (374); Currency and Coinage (376); B-Trade and Commerce: Former Course (378); Imports (380); Exports (381); Whole-Sale Trade (381); Regulated Markets (383); Number of Traders (387); Retail Trade (388); Fair Price Shops (390); Fairs (393); Trade Associations (396); Weights and Measures (397). CHAPTER VII-COMMUNICATIONS ........ 401-425 Old-lime Trade Routes-Roads (401); Vehicles and Conveyances (410); Road Transport (411); Railways (413); Bridges and Waterways (418); Dhararmhalas and Sarais (420); Post Offices (421); Telephone Facilities (423): Rural Broadcasting ((423). CHAPTER VIII-MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPATIONS .... 427-438 Distribution of Workers According to Occupational Divisions (427); Amenities to Public Servants (431); Occupations and Social Changes (431); Selected Miscellaneous Occupations (432); Employees'Organisations (437). CHAPTER IX-ECONOMIC TRENDS ........ 439-483 Livelihood Pattern (439); Prices (442); Wages (454); Standard of Living (457); General Level of Employment (463); Employment Exchange (467); National Planning (468); Community Development Programme (474); Trends of Development (480). PART V-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER X-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION ...... 485-498 Introductory (485); Administration After Independence (486); The Pan-chayati Raj (488); Role of the Collector (489); Collector's Office (491); Judi-ciary (492); State and District Level Offices (493); District Level Officers (493); Offices under District Panchayat (494); Central Government Offices (495); Appendix I (496). PAGES CHAPTER XI-REVENUE ADMINISTRATION .. .. .. 499-546 The Revenue Administration During Early Days (499); Survey and Settlement (507); Revenue Administration (509); Functions of Land Records Department (511); Income from Land Revenue and Special Cases Connected with it (513), Local Fund Cess (514); Irrigation Cess (515); Education Cess (515); Land Reforms (517); The Bhoodan Movement (529); Rural Wages (531); Registration of Documents (533); Stamps (536); Other Sources of Income (537); Sales Tax (538); Taxes on Motor Vehicles (540); State Excise (542); Central Excise (544); Income Tax (545). CHAPTER XII-LAW AND ORDER AND JUSTICE .. .... 547-576 Police: Early History (547); Functions of Police (552); Incidence and Crime (552); Home Guards (557); Gram Rakshak Dal (558); Manila Gram Rak- shakDal(559); Jails (559); Social Defence (561); Judiciary (564). CHAPTER XIII-OTHER DEPARTMENTS .. ...... 577-597 Agricultural Department (577); Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Depart-ment (578);Forest Department (579); Public Works Department (583);. Co-operation Department (587); Industries Department (590); The District Information Officer (595); The District Statistical Officer (597). PART VI-WELFARE DEPARTMENTS CHAPTER XIV-LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ...... 599-631 Introduction (599); Palanpur Municipality (603); Town Planning (605); Panchayat (607); The Bombay Village Panchayats Act, 1958 (608); Demo-craiic Decentralisation (609). CHAPTER XV-EDUCATION AND CULTURE ...... 633-687 Historical Background (633);Literacy and Educational Standards (639); Spread of Education Among Women (646); Spread of Education Among Backward Classes and Tribes (647); General Education (650); Basic Educa- -tion (655); Ashram Schools (656); Training Facilities for Primary School Teachers (658); School Buildings (658); Secondary Education (659); Multipurpose Schools (662); Physical Education (663); Higher Education (666); Professional and Technical Education (667); Courses in Commerce (668); Oriental Education (669); Social Education (670); Educational Manage-ment (671); Culture (674); Libraries (684). CHAPTER XVI-MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES .. 689-706 Introductory (689); Vital Statistics (691); Common Diseases (692); Medical Facilities (695); Public Hospitals and Dispensaries (696); Family Planning Programme (701); Maternal and Child Health (701); Health Education '702); Primary Health Centres (703); Organisational Set up of the Public Health Department (703); Rural Water Supply (704); Urban Water Supply (706). iv CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER XVII-OTHER SOCIAL SERVICES ...... 707-725 Introductory (707); Labour Welfare (707); Labour Legislation (70S); Pro-hibition (710); Backward Classes (714); Public Trusts and Charitable Endow-ment (723). PART VII CHAPTER XVIII-PUBLIC LIFE AND VOLUNTARY SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANISATIONS ........727-743 Public Life (727); Representation of the District in the Union and State Legislature (728); Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Conslituences (729); Political Parties and Organisations (730); General Elections (730); Newspapers (740); Voluntary Social Service Organisations (741). CHAPTER XIX-PLACES OF INTEREST .. .. .. .. 745-768 (The names of places are arranged in alphabetical order ) APPENDIX I-Recent Archaeological discoveries in the District .,..769-778 APPENDIX II-Brief information about each site discovered in the Banaskantha District.. .. .. .. .. 779-788 Plates .. .. .. .. .. .. After Page 788 Glossary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. j-xi Bibliography .. .. .. .. .. .. .. i-vi Index .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-15 Eng