CONTENTS FOREWORD 9 PREFACE11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS13 INTRODUCTION 15 THE ROOTS OF PAINTING IN PAKISTAN19 Painting under Mughal and Sikh Patronage 19 The British Period 20 Early Twentieth Century 21 Lahore Oriental Style ABDUR RAHMAN CHUGHTAI 23 Western Style ALLAH Bux 26 Three Outsiders BABESH CHANDRA SANYAL 30 / AMRITA SHER GIL 31 /ANNA MOLKA AHMED 31 AFTER PARTITION AND INDEPENDENCE 33 Tradition Preserved ABDUR RAHMAN CHUGHTAI 34/ MOHAMMAD LATIF CHUGHTAI 36/ ALLAH Bux 36 Indian Miniature Painters HAJI MOHAMMAD SHARIF 38/ SHEIKH SHUJAULLAH 40 Shock of the New ZUBEIDA AGHA 40 Cubism Introduced SHAKIR ALI 42 Lahore Art Circle MOYENE NAJMI 46/ SHEIKH SAFDAR 46/ ANWAR JALAL SHEMZA 47/ ALI IMAM AND AHMEDPARVEZ 48 Three Approaches to Realism ANNA MOLKA AHMED 49/ KHALID IQBAL 50/ HAL BEVAN PETMAN 51/ Karachi Pioneers SYED HASAN ASKARI 52/ OZZIR ZUBI 53/ SUGHRA RABABI 53/ SHEIKH AHMED 53/ FYZEE RAHAMIN 54/ S. M. SULTAN 54/ AHMED SYED NAGI 54/ AJMAL HUSAIN55 Shocking Transformation ISMAIL GULGEE 55 Social Commentary SADEQUAIN 57 East Pakistani Pain ters ZAINUL ABEDIN 61 / MURTAZA BASHIR 62 / SYED JAHANGIR 63 / HAMIDUR RAHMAN 63 / DEBDAS CHAKRAVORTY 64 / RASHEED CHAUDHRY 64 / ABDUL BASET AND MOHAMMED KIBRIA 64 Cubism in Karachi MANSURRAHI 65 Seeking Roots : Three Women Painters LAILA SHAHZADA 66 / RUMMANA SAID 67 / HAJRA ZUBERI MANSUR 68 Realism : The Survivor Instinct Au IMAM68 / MOHAMMAD HUSAIN HANJRA 69 Women : A Compelling Motif MANSUR AYE 70 / JAMIL NAQSH 71 / BASHIR MIRZA 72 Abstract and Nonobjective Painting : A Fashionable Mode of the later sixties AHMED PARVEZ 74 / LUBNA LATIF AGHA 75 / MAQSOOD ALI 77 / ANWAR MAQ SOOD HAMEEDEE 78 Calligraphy as Art Context of Calligraphy as Art Form ANWAR JELAL SHEMZA 80 / HANIF RAMAY 80 / SADEQUAIN 81 / SHAKIR ALI 81 ZAHOOR UL AKHLAQ 82/ RASHID AHMED ARSHED 82 / GULGEE 83 / ASLAM KAMAL 83 / OZZIR ZUBI 84 / SARDAR MOHAMMAD 84 Later Traditional Art in Lahore ABDUL Aziz 85 College Art Graduates : Second Generation Artists KAMIL KHAN MUMTAZ 86/ COLIN DAVID 87/ SAEED AKHTAR 89/ RAHEEL AKBAR JAVED 90/ IJAZ UL HASAN 91 / ZAHOORUL AKHLAQ 92 / GHULAM RASUL 94 / NIGHAT IDREES 95 / ZUBEDA JAVED 96 THE CONTEMPORARY SCENE IN PAKISTAN : 1977 TO DATE97 LAHORE Punjab Landscape School KHALID IQBAL 97/ ZuLQARNAiN HYDER 98 / MOHAMMAD NAZIR 99/ SHAHID JALAL100/ GHULAM RASUL 102/ MISBAUDDIN QAZI103 / IQBAL HUSSAIN104 Other Landscape Styles IJAZ UL HASAN105/ ZUBEDA JAVED 106/ ABDUL MAJID 107/ PiRZADA NAJAM-UL HASAN 107 Old City Scenes AJAZ ANWAR108/ IQBAL AHMED110/ GHULAM MUSTAFA110/ ANNA MOLKA AHMED111/ KHALID MEHMOOD112/ ZUBEDA JAVED112 Portrait and Figure Painters KHALID IQBAL 113/ COLIN DAVID 113/ SAEED AKHTAR 114/ IQBAL HUSSAIN 115/ MOHAMMAD ASIF 118 Still Life MOHAMMAD ASIF HS/NASEEM QAZI120 Abstract Subjectivism ZAHOORUL AKHLAQ121/ ALIMA HASHMI121/ ASAD SALAHUDDIN 123/ TASADAQ SOHAIL 124/ IQBAL GEOFFREY 124/ ASKARI MIAN IRANI125 Historical Panoramas SHAHBAZ KHAN127/ JIMMY ENGINEER 129/ ABDUL MAJID130 Miniature Painters: The New Generation BASHIR AHMED130/ SALAH-UD-DIN131/ KHALID SAEED BUTT 131 KARACHI GULGEE 133/ MAQSOOD ALI133/ MASHKOOR RAZA133 Five Female Nonrealist Pain ters A Trio NAHEED RAZA ALI134/ MEHER AFROZ136/ QuosiA AZMAT NIZAR136 Two Independent Pain ters RIFF AT ALVI138/ LuBNA AGHA139 Potpourri JAMIL NAQSH140/ TARIQ JAVED 140/ WAHAB JAFFER 141/ ZAHIN AHMED 142 Figurative Art and Realism M. A. AHED 143/ ATHER JAMAL 143/ EQBAL MEDHI 144/ SARDAR MOHAMMAD 145/ SHAKEEL SIDIQQI 145/ SALIM MANSUR 147/ NAjwi SURA 148/ MAN-SUR AYE 148/ ABDUL RAHIM NAGORI 149/ MOHAMMAD ALI 152 ISLAMABAD ZUBEIDA AGHA153/ JAMILA MASOOD154/ MANSUR RAHI155/ HAJRA ZUBERI MANSUR155/ QUETTA MOHAMMAD KALEEM KHAN156 PESHAWAR HUKMAT KHAN 157 / IMTIAZ HUSSAIN 158 / MOHAMMAD TASNEEM 159 / JAHAN-ZEB MALIK 159 / TAYYEBA AHMED 160 / ARBAB MOHAMMAD SARDAR 160 / NASIRUDDIN MOHMAND 161 /ABBAS ALJ 161 A National Character and Outlook for the Future LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 163 REFERENCES170 BIBLIOGRAPHY172 INDEX175