Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents xiii
List of figures xxi
List of tables xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study1
1.2 need of the study 1
1.3 Aim 2
1.4 Objective 2
1.5 Area of study 2
1.6 The scope of the study 3
1.7 Methodology 3
1.7.1 Stage 1 3
1.7.2 Stage 2 4
1.7.3 Stage 3 5
1.8 Limitation of the study 6
2 Literature review 7
2.1 What is rural? 7
2.2 What is rural development? 7
2.3 What is rural infrastructure? 8
2.4 The role and importance of rural infrastructure 8
2.5 Issues faced in Indian cities in rural areas 10
2.6 Efforts made by different government programmes and schemes 10
2.6.1 Emploment 10
2.6.2 Housing 11
2.6.2.1 Indira Awas Yojna 11
2.6.2.2 Sardar Patel Awas Yojna 11
2.6.3 Water 11
2.6.3.1 Rural water supply scheme 11
2.6.3.2 Water and sanitation management organization 12
2.6.4 Sanitation 12
2.6.4.1 Total sanitation campaign 12
2.6.4.2 Nirmal Gujarat mission 13
2.6.5 Streets 13
2.6.5.1 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna 13
2.6.6 Electricity 13
2.6.6.1 Pradhan Mantri Sahej Bijli Har Ghar Yojna 13
2.6.7 Gas connection 14
2.6.7.1 Pradhan Mantri ujjawala Yojna 14
2.6.8 Education 14
2.6.8.1 Umbrella scheme 14
2.6.8.2 Naya Savera 14
2.6.8.3 Padho Pradesh 15
2.6.8.4 Sikho Aur Kamao 15
2.6.8.5 Beti Bachao beti padhao 15
2.6.9 Health 16
2.6.9.1 National health protection scheme(Ayushman bharat) 16
2.6.9.2 Rashtriya arogya nidhi 16
2.6.9.3 Mukhyamantri Amrutum Yojna 17
2.7 Causes and failures of different rural development schemes 17
2.8 National Rurban mission 18
2.9 PURA scheme 18
2.10 Comparison of national Rurban scheme and PURA scheme 19
2.11 Case studies 20
2.11.1 Improving lives of Delwara village by constructive work of self- governance 20
2.11.2 Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat 21
2.11.3 Making the Panchayat Swacch panchayat 23
2.11.3.1 Impact 25
2.11.3.2 Sustainability 26
2.11.3.3 Elements to Replicate and Scale-up 26
3 Introduction to the villages 27
3.1 Profile of Visalpur village 27
3.1.1 Demography 31
3.1.2 Employment 31
3.2 Profile of BHATT village 32
3.2.1 Demography 36
3.2.2 Employment 36
4 Profile of infrastructure 37
4.1 Visalpur village 37
4.1.1 Social infrastructure 37
4.1.1.1 Education 37
4.1.1.2 Health 38
4.1.1.3 Telecommunication 39
4.1.1.4 Livestock assets 39
4.1.2 Physical infrastructure 40
4.1.2.1 Transportation 40
4.1.2.2 Water supply 41
4.1.2.3 Sanitation 41
4.1.2.4 Streets 42
4.1.2.5 Street lights 42
4.1.2.6 Solid waste management 42
4.1.3 Other amenities 43
4.1.3.1 Institutions 43
4.1.3.2 Banks 43
4.1.3.3 Crematory 44
4.1.3.4 Post office 44
4.1.3.5 Shops 44
4.2 Bhatt village 45
4.2.1 Social infrastructure 45
4.2.1.1 Education 45
4.2.1.2 Health 47
4.2.1.3 Telecommunication 48
4.2.2 Physical infrastructure 48
4.2.2.1 Transportation 49
4.2.2.2 Water supply 49
4.2.2.3 Sanitation 50
4.2.2.4 Streets 50
4.2.2.5 Street lights 50
4.2.2.6 Stormwater management 51
4.2.2.7 Solid waste management 51
4.2.3 Other amenities 51
4.2.3.1 Institutions 51
4.2.3.2 Banks 52
4.2.3.3 Crematory 52
4.2.3.4 Shops 52
4.2.3.5 Post office 52
5Analysis of villages 53
5.1 Site selection 53
5.2 Analysis of sites 55
5.2.1 Streets 55
5.2.2 Transportation 56
5.2.3 Water supply 56
5.2.4 Sanitation 60
5.2.5 Stormwater management 60
5.2.6 Solid waste management 61
5.2.7 Electricity 64
5.3 Social infrastructure 65
5.3.1 Education 65
5.3.2 Health 65
5.3.3 Telecommunications 67
5.3.4 Bank 67
5.4 Other institutions 67
5.4.1 Shops 67
5.4.2 Post office 68
5.4.3 Crematory 68
5.5 Perception of gram panchayat 72
6 Conclusion 73
6.1 Water supply 73
6.2 Sanitation 74
6.3 Solid waste management 74
6.4 Stormwater management 76
6.5 Streets 76
6.6 Electricity 76
6.7 Education 77
6.8 Health 77
6.9 Other institutions 77