Contents
Introduction
What is drawing? 6
Drawing the city 8
About this book 10
The city in context 12
Introduction 14
Early views of the city 15
The Renaissance and perspective 16
Artists and their visions of the city 17
Scale 19
Twentieth-century precedents and realized urban ideas 20
Representing the city in the twentieth 26
The city as object 30
Introduction 32
Subject 34
Drawing 36
Observational sketching 38
Step by step: Sketching the Duomo, Florence 39
Step by step: Observational sketching on the go 43
Characterization 45
Step by step: Serial views through a city 46
Types of drawing 50
Plan 52
Section 51
Axonometric 51
Digital techniques 53
Storyboard techniques 53
Step by step: Derive 54
Painting and collage 56
Step by step: Watercolouring a sketch 63
The city as data 64
Analytical tools 66
Step by step: Analysis through photos and drawing 67
Diagrams 68
Step by step: Massing analysis 70
Visual notes 73
Diagram sequences 74
Step by step: Analysing a site 76
Outline and photography 78
Mapping 80
Cognitive mapping : perception and knowledge 83
Figure-ground mapping 84
Step by step: Creating a figure ground 87
Conceptual field 88
Digital techniques 90
Step by step: Enhancing digital photographs 93
Models 94
Materials for model making 97
Massing models 98
Process models 102
Abstract models 104
CAD modelling 106
The city imagined 110
The image of the city 112
Presentation drawing 114
Abstraction 118
Collage and photomontage 120
CAD images and modelling 122
Step by step : Enhancing a three-dimensional model 127
Physical modelling 130
Step by step: Making a physical model 131
Master planning projects 134
A new quarter for a historic city 136
David Chipperfield Architects, Art and Technology Quarter, Segovia, Spain
The city of the future 140
MVRDV, Vison 2030, Almere,The Netherlands
The eco city 148
MVRDV, Eco City, Logrono Montecorvo, Spain
Rebuilding a community 154
HOK, Arverne East, Rockaway Peninsula, Queens, New York USA
The new Asian city 158
von Gerkan Marg and Partners, Lingang New City, China
Sustainability in an extreme environment 166
Metropolitan Workshop, Dead Sea Development, Jordan
The virtual CAD image 172
Zaha Hadid Architects, Kartal-Pendik Masterplan, Istanbul,Turkey
Conclusion 180
Endmatter 182
Glossary 184
Further reading 185
Useful websites 186
Index 187
Picture credits191
Acknowledgements 192