CONTENTS
FOREWORD VII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX
CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Documenting Urbanisation - Poverty and its Politics 1
1.2 A Permit for Existence - Legal Identity and Claim-making 2
1.3 Legalizing Bodies -Inclusion and 'Application' 3
1.4 Understanding Urbanisation -Indore, Mumbai, Bhubaneshwar, Guwahati 4
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 Methodology 5
2.2 Profiles of Households Surveyed 5
CHAPTER 3 STATUS OF ACCESS TO LEGAL IDENTITY DOCUMENTS 6
3.1 Status of Access to Documents and Entitlements 6
3.1.1 Ration Cards 6
3.1.1.1 Case Study 1: Ration Cards for the Homeless in Mumbai 7
3.1.1.2 Case Study 2: Accessing Ration Cards for the Homeless in Mumbai with support 8
3.1.1.3 Case Study 3: Issue of Bogus Ration Cards in Guwahati 8
3.1.2 Electoral Photo ID or Voter Identity Card 9
3.1.2.1 Case Study 4: Voter Identity Cards for the Homeless in Mumbai 9
3.1.2.2 Case Study 5: D Voters' in Assam 10
3.1.3 Bank Accounts 10
3.1.4 Aadhaar/UID 11
3.1.5 State Specific Registration Cards 11
3.1.5.1 Case Study 6: Reality of Samagra ID Cards in Indore 11
3.1.6 Employment Documents 12
3.1.7 Access to Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) 12
3.2 Key Findings 14
CHAPTER 4 STATUS OF ACCESS TO HOUSING AND ELECTRICITY 15
4.1 Housing in Urban India 15
4.2 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and its Status in the Four Cities 15
4.3 Status of Access to Housing in the Four Cities 16
4.3.1 Land Ownership of Households 16
4.3.2 Types of Houses 17
4.3.3 Housing / Land Taxes 17
4.3.4 Housing Development Schemes applicable to surveyed slums 18
4.3.5 Credit Availed for Housing 18
4.3.6 Formation of Housing Societies 19
4.4 Key Findings on Access to Housing 19
4.5 Status of Access to Electricity 19
4.5.1 Types of Electricity Connections Used 20
CHAPTER 5 STATUS OF ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION 22
5.1 Access to Water 22
5.1.1 Drinking Water Supply in the Four Cities 22
5.1.2 Costs of Drinking Water in the Four Cities 23
5.1.3 Alternative Water Sources in the Four Cities 24
5.1.4 Key Findings on Access to Water 24
5.2 Access to Sanitation 24
5.2.1 Toilet and Urinal Facilities in the Four Cities 25
5.2.2 Charges for Toilets in the Four Cities 26
5.3 Key Findings on Access to Sanitation 26
5.4 Access to Healthcare 27
CONCLUSION 28
REFERENCES 30
ANNEXURES 33
1. Percentage distribution of respondents as per numbers of households in each city 33
2. Survey Questionnaire 34
3. FGD Schedule 36