CONTENTS
Chapter: 1 Introduction 7
1.1 Background 7
1.1.1 What is a smart city? 7
1.1.2 Smart Solutions 7
1.1.3 Smart Water Grid 8
1.1.4 What is a smart meter? 9
1.1.5 Need for a Smart Water Meter in India 11
1.1.6 Water Metering in India 12
1.1.7 Current scenario of smart metering in India 13
1.1.8 International Experiences of Smart Meter Roll outs 14
1.1.9 Indian experience of implementation in the water sector 15
1.1.10 Why is end user acceptance important? 17
1.2 Problem Statement 18
1.3 Research Questions 19
1.4 Objectives 19
1.5 Scope of work 19
1.6 Research Methodology 20
Chapter 2: Literature Review 22
2.1 What is implementation and what influences implementation of a new innovation? 22
2.1.1 Community Level Factors 22
2.1.2 Provider Characteristics 22
2.1.3 Innovation Characteristics 23
2.2 Challenges of implementing Smart Grids in India 23
2.1.1 Policy and Regulation 23
2.1.2 Technology standards 24
2.1.3 Lack of Awareness 24
2.1.4 Current metering practices 24
2.1.5 Skill Development 24
2.3 Factors Affecting the Adoption of technology by stakeholders 25
2.3.1 Acceptance and Adoption of Innovations 25
2.3.2 Social Acceptance of Smart meters 25
2.2.3 Theories of Technology Acceptance 27
2.3 Case Studies of Smart Meter Acceptance 32
2.4 Data Governance of Smart meters 33
Chapter 3: Identification and Analysis of Stakeholders 34
3.1 Introduction to Bangalore Water supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) 34
3.1.1 Financial Viability of the Board 34
3.1.2 Water Supply in Bangalore 37
3.1.3 Inequity in Water Supply in Bangalore 38
3.1.4 Water Demand in Bangalore 38
3.1.5 Unaccounted and Non-Revenue Water 39
3.1.6 Strategies for Water Management in Bangalore 41
3.1.7 Water Management Technologies Implemented and being tested by
BWSSB 41
3.1.7.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) 41
3.1.7.2 The role of GIS in smart water meter deployment 42
3.1.7.3 Bulk metering pilot project 42
3.1.8 Consumer Engagement 43
3.1.9 Technology Adoption in BWSSB 43
3.1.11 Challenges faced by BWSSB 44
3.1.11 Advantages for BWSSB from Smart Water Metering 45
3.1.12 Expert Interviews 46
3.1.13 SWOT Analysis for Smart Water meter implementation by BWSSB 47
3.2 Vendors’ Perspective 47
3.3 Consumer perceptions of Smart Water Metering in Bangalore 48
3.3.1 Methodology 48
3.3.2 Questionnaire 48
3.3.3 Pilot Test 50
3.3.4 Sample Distribution 54
3.3.5 Apartments with mechanical meters 54
3.3.5.1 Demography 55
3.3.5.2 Source of Water Supply 55
3.3.5.3 Frequency of drinking water supply 55
3.3.5.4 Accuracy of Meter Readings 62
3.3.5.5 Perception Study 64
3.3.5.6 Correlation Analysis 69
3.3.5.7 Path Analysis 70
3.3.6 Apartments with smart meters 71
3.3.7 Conclusions 75
Chapter 4: Recommendations 75
5.1 Community Level 76
5.2 Provider Level 76
5.3 Innovation Characteristics 77
6. Appendix 78
4.5.1 Questionnaire: 78
Section A 79
Section B 81
4.6 References 87