CONTENTS
List of illustrations ix
List of tables xii
Preface xiii
1.Introduction 1
Research objectives Ethnoarchaeology Geographical scope and environment 1
2.Origins and definitions 9
Historical evtdence Theories of nomadic pastoral origins The time frame Nomadic pastoralism defined Hunter-gatherers and nomads compared
3. Nomad pastoral economy 23
Nomadism and the integration of pastoralism and agriculture Factors of production: the pastoral herd The pastoral mode of subsistence
4. Residence, descent and territory 44
Nomad social organization The role of the tribe The tribe as a territorial system Nomadism as a cyclical phenomenon
5.Nomads- the invisible culture? 65
Nomadism as an archaeological problem The organization of nomad
material culture The role of pottery in nomad material culture Stone art facts Stratigraphy and architectural remains The issue of 'household
impedimenta' Conclusion
6. Nomad architecture and domestic space 84
What is a tent? Types of nomad tents Fixtures Composite dwellings Tents and houses The spatial organization of the tent Indications of wealth and status Towards a typology of dwelling forms Variation in dwelling types over the seasonal cycle Long-term processes influencing
dwelling forms
7. Ali's camp: a nomad household campsite 113
The region Past nomad populations A case study Instability and opportunism in southem Anatolian nomadism Ali's camp: site structure at
the household level Conclusion
8.The structure and location of nomad settlements 133
Nomad settlement systems The internal structure of nomad campsites The
overlap of nomad and sedentary settlement forms Camps and villages Conclusion
9.Sanaydm Yayla 162
The camp and its inhabitants The domestic complex Quantitative analysis
of discard Some implications for archeological investigation The domestic complex in context
10. The lost world ofNemrut Dag 185
The setting Initial observations Interpretation of campsite ND-1
The Alikan/J: an ethnographic account ND-1 in retrospect : an informed reassessment Conclusion
11.Nomad archaeology,an assessment 212
Tepe Tula'i Other evidence of possible tentsites The Early Transcaucasian
Culture: a test case Future prospects
12.Towards a model of unstable settlement systems 230
Theoretical perspectives Comparative and diachronic approaches
The future
References 230
Glossary 245
Index 248