Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 3
1.2 Literature review 4
1.2.1 74th Amendment Act, 1992 4
1.2.2 National Policies and Guidelines 4
1.2.3 National Missions and Programs 6
1.2.4 New Government Initiatives 7
1.2.5 Solid waste management – Overview 8
1.2.6 Challenges in the sector 10
1.2.7 Benchmarking 13
2 Focus of the research and methodology 17
2.1 Research Questions 19
2.2 Methodology 19
3 Introduction to Study Area 25
3.1 Ahmedabad 27
3.1.1 City Overview 28
3.1.2 Regional Context 29
3.1.3 Growth Pattern 30
3.1.4 Geography & Climate 31
3.1.5 Demographic Profile 31
3.1.6 Economy 32
3.1.7 City Governance 33
3.1.8 Solid Waste Management – Ahmedabad 35
3.2 Rajkot 40
3.2.1 City Overview 40
3.2.2 Regional Context 40
3.2.3 Growth of the city 40
3.2.4 Climate and Geography 42
3.2.5 Demographic Profile 42
3.2.6 Economy of Rajkot 44
3.2.7 Administrative setup 44
3.2.8 Solid Waste Management – Rajkot 45
3.3 City Profile – Mehsana 50
3.3.1 Regional Context 50
3.3.2 Growth Pattern 51
3.3.3 Climate 52
3.3.4 Demographic Profile 53
3.3.5 Economic Profile 54
3.3.6 City Governance 54
3.4 Solid Waste Management – Mehsana 54
4 Service Level Assessment and Measurement 57
4.1 Benchmarking in India 59
4.2 Service Level Benchmarks 59
4.3 Trend Assessment of service Delivery 64
4.3.1 Coverage of Door to Door Collection 64
4.3.2 Collection Efficiency of Solid waste 69
4.3.3 Extent of Segregation 72
4.3.4 Extent of Waste Processed and Recycled 75
4.3.5 Extent of scientific Disposal of Municipal waste 78
4.3.6 Extent of Cost recovery (O&M) in SWM Services 79
4.3.7 Efficiency in collection of charges 81
4.3.8 Efficiency in customer complaint redressal 82
4.4 Mechanism for Data Capturing and Reporting 84
5 Challenges in Service Improvement 87
5.1 Technical Challenges 89
5.2 Financial Challenges 91
5.3 Institutional challenges 92
6 Conclusion and Recommendations 97
7 References 102
8 Annexure 104