Contents
1 Background 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Purpose of the Study 14
1.2.1 Central Research Question 16
1.2.2 Aim: 16
2 Literature review 17
2.1.1 Characterization of waste water: 20
2.1.2 Industrial Waste water 22
2.1.3 Fecal Coliform and the effectiveness of waste stabilization pond system 22
2.1.4 The economic study of the waste water treatment: 23
2.1.5 Selection of waste water technology: 24
2.2 City Profile. 26
2.2.2 City Landuse and Industrial Siting/Locational Policy 30
3 Approach & Methodology 33
3.1 Aim and objective of the study 33
3.2 Objectives of the research 33
3.3 Site Selection and assumptions for selection of site 37
3.3.1 Identification of institutional mechanism 40
3.4 Conducting Focused Group Discussion. 40
3.4.1 Characteristics of FGD undertaken 40
4 Efficiency assessment of sewage treatment 45
4.1 Analysing the efficiency of the sewage treatment in EKW. 45
4.1.1 General Description of the pond system: 46
4.1.2 Slope: 46
4.2 Removal Efficiency of the chemical and biological parameters: 47
4.2.1 City Infrastructure& the institutional structure 52
4.2.2 Technological and financial feasibility of waste water treatment in KMC area 54
4.3 Factors affecting sustainability 56
4.3.1 Aquaculture and Livelihood Dependency 57
4.3.2 Ownership and Land Legislation 58
4.3.3 Land Legislation 59
4.3.4 Case Study of the two Bheri: (i) Nalban (ii) Bheris in the Bantala region 61
4.3.5 Landuse Changes: 62
4.3.6 Institutions and Policy Directives 70
5 Opportunity Cost of Sewage Treatment Plant 75
5.1 Cost Structure 75
5.2 Calculating of the volume of waste water that can be treated in a single pond. 77
6 Conclusion 79
7 Recommendation 81
8 Bibliography 83