CONTENTS
Abstract i
Acknowledgements iii
Contents v
List of tables ix
List of figures xi
List of abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is waste and solid waste? 1
1.1.1 Definitions of Municipal solid waste 1
1.2 Solid waste management and its importance 2
1.3 Relation between population, income and waste management 2
1.4 Waste management in urban areas v/s rural areas 2
1.5 The Waste Route 2
2 MSW- Statistics & legal framework 3
2.1 MSW in the Global context 3
2.1.1 Waste generation 3
2.1.2 Waste composition 4
2.1.3 Waste collected 5
2.1.4 Waste disposal 5
2.1.5 Regional waste management practices adopted with respect to SWM in different parts of the world 7
2.2 MSW in Indian context 8
2.2.1 Comparison of waste composition and waste disposal methods adopted in global context v/s Indian context 8
2.2.2 Waste generation in India 9
2.2.3 Laws implemented with respect to SWM in India 9
2.2.3.1 MSW Rules 2016 9
2.2.3.2 CPHEEO 10
2.2.3.3 CPCB guidelines 11
During landfill operation 11
2.2.4 Loopholes in SWM laws in India 13
2.3 MSW in Bengaluru 15
2.3.1 Solid waste management system in the city 15 2.3.2 Waste generation, composition and disposal 17
2.3.3 Currently operating and closed landfills in and around Bengaluru city 18
2.3.4 Loopholes in the services provided with respect to SWM in Bengaluru 19
2.3.5 Summary of Karnataka High Court directions in SWM PILs with respect to landfills 20
3 Case studies 21
3.1 Valdemingomez landfill Park 21
3.2 Garraf landfill 22
3.3 Freshkills landfill Park 23
3.4 Gorai Dumping ground 24
3.5 Conclusion based on case studies 25
4 Site 27
4.1 Location 27
4.2 Site context 27
4.3 Climate 28
4.4 Site history 29
4.5 Summary of Karnataka High Court directions in SWM PILs with respect to Mavallipura landfill 30
4.6 Site plan 31
4.7 Issues 34
4.7.1 Rules violated 34
4.7.2 Environmental issues 35
4.7.3 Social issues 35
4.7.4 Environmental and Public health impact evidence 35
5 Design Proposal 37
5.1 Delineating the region 38
5.1.1 Watershed as study area 38
5.1.2 Affected villages‟ boundary as study area 39
5.1.3 5km radius from site as study area 40
5.2 Design program (at regional level) 41
Considering the 2.5km radius as the immediate site context, the Ayurvedic colleges, State forests, grazing and agricultural fields play a crucial role in the reclamation and transformation of the landfill site into a benefit-for-all site.The factors for consideration are as follows: 41
5.3 Design program (at site level) 42
5.3.1 Issue mapping 42
5.3.2 Phytoremediation on site 43
5.4 Evaluation of areas 43
5.5 Zoning 44
5.6 Proposed site plan 48
5.7 Details 50
5.8 Sections 56
6 Guidelines & Conclusions 58
6.1 Guidelines 58
6.2 Conclusions 58
References 61
Appendices 64
A1. Terms related to Landfills & MSW, as specified in MSW Rules 2016 64