CONTENTS
Abstract i
Acknowledgements iii
Contents . v
List of tables ix
List of figures xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Synopsis 3
1.2.1 Research question 3
1.2.2 Aim 3
1.2.3 Objectives . 3
1.2.4 Methodology . 3
1.2.5 Scope .. 5
1.2.6 Limitations 5
1.3 Framework for analysis 5
2 Socio Spatial Identities 7
2.1 Social Identity 7
2.2 Displacement and 'home' for migrants 9
2.3 Kochi and its changing notions of belonging 10
2.3.1 Khulashekhara dynasty 11
2.3.2 Aryan invasion 11
2.3.3 Fall of chera rule 12
2.3.4 Zamorins and kochi kingdom . 13
2.3.5 Colonial period 14
2.3.5.1 Arrival of the Portuguese. 14
2.3.5.2 Dutch period 14
2.3.6 Hyder Ali 15
2.3.7 British period . 16
2.3.8 Post independence period 16
3 Territories and Boundaries 19
3.1 Continuity . 19
3.2 Territoriality . 21
3.3 Kochi formed by the territorial occupation of various ethnic communities
3.4 Boundaries 25
3.5 Power relations 27
3.6 Place identity 28
4 Acculturation 29
4.1 Acculturation 29
4.2 Changing domains and acculturation 32
5 Empirical case of Kochi 35
5.1 Immigrant communities in Kochi 35
6 Assessment of Acculturation Strategies by Different Communities and Spatial Negotiations 43
6.1 Konkani community 43
6.1.1 Social In-group Ties 43
6.1.2 Settlement character 44
6.1.2.1 Kudumbi 44
6.1.2.2 Gauda saraswat brahmins 45
6.1.3 Morphology - Konkani Brahmins 45
6.1.4 Accessibility 46
6.1.5 Power and Recognition 46
6.1.6 Activity & nature of appropriation 47
6.1.7 Built form and cultural adaptations 47
6.1.8 Thresholds of privacy 47
6.1.9 Culture and adaptations 48
6.1.10 Socio-economic ties 49
6.2 Jew community 49
6.2.1 Morphology 49
6.2.2 Accessibility 50
6.2.3 Settlement character 50
6.2.4 Social in-group ties 51
6.2.5 Built form - Synagogue 51
6.2.6 Cultural adaptations 52
6.2.7 Transformations 53
6.2.8 Building use 53
6.2.9 Social exchanges 53
6.2.10 Threshold of privacy 54
6.2.11 Economic shifts . 54
6.2.12 Power & recognition 55
6.3 Malabar muslim community - thuruthi settlement 55
6.3.1 Morphology . 55
6.3.2 Accessibility 55
6.3.3 Socio-economic ties & power recognitions . 56
6.3.4 Character of settlement 56
6.3.5 Activity & use . 57
6.3.6 Privacy & social ties 58
6.4 Gujarati community . 58
6.4.1 Morphology . 58
6.4.2 Social in-group ties & power recognitions 59
6.4.3 Activity . 59
6.4.4 Thresholds of privacy & accessibility 60
6.4.5 Built form adaptations 61
6.4.6 Socio economic ties 62
7 Kochi and its Identity 63
7.1 Morphology 64
7.2 Accessibility and permeability 65
7.2.1 Threshold of privacy 66
7.3 Strength of social ties 67
7.4 Built form adaptations 68
7.5 Economy 68
7.6 Recognition 69
7.7 Inferences . 70
7.7.1 Ties formed by fulfilment of needs 70
7.7.1.1 Shift in motivations/ transformations . 71
7.7.2 Maintenance of core values and beliefs 71
7.7.3 Nature of territorial appropriation and territorial markers 73
7.8 Conclusion 78
References 81
Appendices 85
A1. Interviews with family members of different immigrant communities 85