CONTENTS :
Acknowledgement I
Abstract II
Table of Contents III
Abbreviations VII
Definitions X
1.1 Introduction about Culverts 1
1.2 Research Introduction 1
1.3 Need for the Study 1
1.4 Research Objective 2
1.5 Scope of the Research 2
1.6 Limitations ofthe study 2
1.7 Timeline of the Study 3
1.8 Research Methodology 4
2.1 Classification of culverts 5
2.1.1 Structural Type of Culvert 5
2.1.2 Type of Culvert based on the Shape 5
2.2 Factors considered for the design of culverts 6
2.3 Factors affecting culvert performance 6
2.4 Types of distress in culverts 6
2.5 Required site conditions 7
2.6 Loading conditions 7
2.7 Hydraulic design 10
2.7.1 Inlet Control 12 11
2.7.2 Outlet Control 11
2.8 Criteria for selection of culverts 12
2.9 Former studies done on culverts 15
3.1 Data Requirement 17
3.2 Selection of culvert type 18
3.3 Pipe design 19
3.3.1 Inputs for the Pipe Culverts 19
3.3.2 Design of Pipe Culvert 19
3.3.3 Bedding for the Pipes 19
3.3.4 Reinforcement for the Pipe 21
3.4 Box culvert design 23
3.4.1 Inputs for the Box Design 23
3.4.2 Live Load Calculations 23
3.4.3 Loads and Reactions 25
3.4.4 Lateral Earth Pressure 26
3.4.5 Case 1: Dead Loads and Live Loads acting on the outer walls, while no Water Pressure acting from inside 26
3.4.6 Case 2: Dead Loads and Live Loads acting on the outer walls , and Water Pressure acting from inside 28
3.4.7 Case 3: Live Load and Dead Load acting on top of the slab, Water Pressure acting from inside and no Lateral Pressure due to Live Load 30
3.4.8 Reinforcement provided in Box Culvert 32
3.4.8.1 Design of To Slab 32
3.4.8.2 Design of Bottom Slab 34
3.4.8.3 Design of Side-Walls 37
3.5 Commercially available sizes of culverts 40
4.1 Without Cushion 44
4.2 With Cushion 50
5.1 Conclusion 57
References 58