CONTENTS
Abstract iv
Contents vi
List of tables ix
List of figure x
List of Abbreviations xi
1. Introduction 1
1.1. General 1
1.2. Objective and scope of work 1
1.2.1. Objective 2
1.2.2. The scope of work 2
1.2.3. Limitation 2
1.2.4. Flow chart of scope 3
1.3. Methodology 3
2. Literature Review 4
2.1. Literature – Need of study 4
2.1.1. Durability studies on concrete with Fly Ash and GGBS 4
2.1.2. Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study of Fly Ash in Acidic (H2SO4) Environment 5
2.1.3. Effect of Fly Ash Additive on Concrete Properties 5
2.1.4. Analysis of strength characteristics of GGBS Concrete 6
2.1.5. Sustainable Studies on Concrete with GGBS as a Replacement Material in Cement 6
3. Test setup and methods 8
3.1. General 8
3.2. Material used for experimental work 8
3.2.1. Cement 8
3.2.2. Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag 8
3.2.3. Fly Ash 9
3.2.4. Aggregates 9
3.2.5. Water 9
3.3. Apparatus used for experimental work: 9
3.3.1. Concrete Mixer 9
3.3.2. Slump Test Apparatus 9
3.3.3. Compression Testing Machine 9
3.3.4. Moulds 9
3.4. Test procedure 10
3.4.1. Compressive strength test (As per IS 519:1959) 10
3.4.2. Rebound hammer test (As per IS 13311 (Part 2): 1992) 10
3.4.3. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test (As per IS 13311 (Part 1): 1992) 10
3.4.4. Acid ponding 12
3.4.5. Distilled Water Exposure 12
3.4.6. Sunshine Exposure: 12
4. Laboratory Test Results 13
4.1. Workability Results 13
4.2. Compressive strenght test 13
4.3. Compressive strength test results discussion 16
4.4. NDT Results 17
4.5. NDT RESULTS DISCUSSION 19
5. Findings and Future Scope 20
5.1. Findings 20
5.2. Future Scope 20
References 21
Appendix - A 23
Appendix - B 24
Appendix - C 25